通河林区黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)冬季被毛形态结构的功能适应性  

Hair morphology as functional adaptation in winter Mustela sibiricain Tonghe forest area

作　　者：王颖[1] 孙长虹[1] 张伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第17期5623-5631,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30570272)

摘　　要：被毛在哺乳动物适应性进化过程中执行保温和保护两个重要功能,其形态结构上存在的功能适应性特征因所处的部位不同而表现出适应性分化现象,由动物体躯干至四肢末端呈显著的梯度变化。以黑龙江省通河林区黄鼬东北亚种(Mustela sibirica manchurica)冬季雌雄成体各10只完整毛皮对象,研究了背中部、腹中部和后肢下部3个部位的直针毛、披针毛、绒针毛、绒毛,以及后趾部硬毛的被毛性状因子,统计分析表明:通河林区黄鼬相同身体部位4种类型毛的长度和细度指标均为直针毛>披针毛>绒针毛>绒毛,相同部位4种类型毛长度的相关性极显著,直针毛细度与披针毛细度相关性极显著(P<0.01),绒针毛细度与绒毛细度相关性极显著(P<0.01),这种特征使得被毛在整体结构上为实施保温和保护功能奠定基础;同时,黄鼬被毛各性状的保温功能从背部向后趾部呈递减趋势,而保护功能则呈现递增趋势,被毛形态结构性状上的分化与动物机体异温性充分结合,对于黄鼬适应寒冷的森林生态环境具有重要意义。The body function and external morphology of animals with long life span are affected by the environment. Changes in environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and internal functions through changes in physiological mechanisms. Many illumination, affect the animal＇s appearance and its species of mammals are characterized by a layer of hair on the skin. Hair, being constantly exposed to the outside environment, directly indicates functional adaptations to the environment. Adaptation to the environment is caused by a long-lasting selection pressure on a trait as a result of natural selection. To fit the environment, animal can change a series of traits, such as color and body shape. The hairs, which serve for thermal insulation and protection, are the result of a long adaptive evolution. As a result of geographic isolation, populations of one species that are isolated from each other for a long time undergo speciation, resulting in subspecies or new species. Morphological structure of hairs covering different body regions is the result of different functional adaptations. Often there is a gradient in hair variation from the body to the end of the limbs in many mammals. Siberian weasel is a valuable fur animal and a subject of various studies in China. The animal molts seasonally starting from tail to hips, back, and neck, and lastly head and limbs in the fall, and in the opposite direction in the spring. The hair type in Siberian weasel is complex. On the basis of its shape and structure, hair is divided into guard hair, sub-awn, vellus awn, undercoat hair,and bristles. In this study, we measured the length and diameter of guard hair, sub-awn, vellus awn, and undercoat hair, all of which were sampled from the center of the back and venter, the lower end of hind limb, and bristles from the upper side of the hind toe. These hairs were collected from winter pelage of 20 adult Siberian weasels located in Tonghe forest area of Heilongjiang Province. Results showed that the length and diameter of the four ty

关 键 词：黄鼬 被毛 形态结构 功能适应 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]