黄土高原石油污染土壤微生物群落结构及其代谢特征  

Microbial community structure and metabolic characteristics of oil-contaminated soil in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：甄丽莎[1,2] 谷洁[1,3] 胡婷[1] 吕睿[2] 贾凤安[2] 刘晨[2] 李燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]陕西省微生物研究所,西安710043 [3]陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第17期5703-5710,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(4087119;41171203);农业部"948"项目(2010-Z20);陕西省科学院青年人才项目(2012K-34);陕西省科学技术研究发展项目(2014K01-12-06)

摘　　要：针对污染胁迫下土壤微生物群落变化和代谢变异等问题,基于平板稀释法和Biolog微平板分析方法,研究了陕北黄土高原石油污染土壤微生物群落结构、代谢特征及其功能多样性。结果表明,不同类群的土壤微生物对石油污染胁迫的响应不同,污染土壤细菌和真菌数量高出清洁土壤1个数量级,而污染土壤的放线菌数量极显著减少(P<0.01);污染土壤和清洁土壤微生物对糖类和多聚物类碳源较易利用,污染土壤微生物总体上代谢碳源的种类和活性均低于清洁土壤。微生物群落主成分分析(PCA)表明,石油污染土壤和清洁土壤的微生物群落存在显著差异(P<0.01),起分异作用的碳源主要为糖类,其次是羧酸类和氨基酸类;随着土壤石油含量增加,典型变量值变异(离散)增大,土壤微生物群落结构稳定性降低。微生物群落多样性分析表明,Shannon丰富度指数(H)、McIntosh均一度指数(U)和Simpson优势度指数(1/D)均达到极显著差异(P<0.01),污染土壤微生物群落H和U低于清洁土壤,但是一定浓度的石油污染可以刺激土壤微生物群落中优势种群的生长,1/D增高。研究结果为陕北黄土高原石油污染区土壤微生物修复提供理论基础。To investigate the impacts of crude oil pollution on the soil microbial community, and estimate the potential for crude oil degradation by indigenous microbial consortia, we examined the soil microbial community structure, metabolic characteristics and functional diversity of crude oil-contaminated soil collected in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, using plate counts and the Biolog Eco plate method. The results showed that the responses of soil microbes to crude oil pollution stress varied greatly. The abundance of bacteria and fungi in crude oil-contaminated soil were about one order of magnitude higher than in the uncontaminated soil, while the abundance of actinomycetes was significantly lower in polluted soil than in uncontaminated soil （P〈0.01）. The number of bacteria in crude oil-contaminated soil was l0T CFU/g, and the proportion of bacteria reached 99.8%--99.9% of all microbes. This indicated that majority of the crude oil biodegradation was the result of bacterial activity in collaboration with fungi rather than actinomycetes. The microbial activity of uncontaminated soil was higher than that of crude oil-contaminated soil, and microbial activity decreased with increased concentrations of crude oil. This phenomenon can be easily explained by the fact that the microbial metabolic activity had been affected owing to an increase in carbon sources and an imbalance in the soil nutrient ratio followed by an increase in the crude oil concentration in soil. The microbes in both crude oil-contaminated and uncontaminated soil were more likely to use carbon sources such as carbohydrates and polymers on the Biolog plates. Microbes from crude oil-contaminated soil used less of the available carbon sources and showed lower metabolic activity than microbes from the uncontaminated soil. This indicated that soil microbes adapted to the crude oil-contaminated environment by adjusting the microbial community structure, and a correlation was observed between the soil microbial community structure and soil microb

关 键 词：黄土高原 石油污染 微生物群落结构 群落代谢特征 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]