基于地理模型与优化的城市扩张与生态保护二元空间协调优化  

coupling geographical simulation and spatial optimization for harmonious pattern analysis by considering urban sprawling and ecological conservation

作　　者：马世发[1,2] 艾彬[3] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275 [2]广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广州510275 [3]中山大学海洋学院,广州510275

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第17期5874-5883,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41371376;41301418);教育部高等学校博士点基金(新教师类)资助项目(2012017120031)

摘　　要：协调城市扩张与生态敏感区保护之间的矛盾是当前我国新型城镇化建设中的一项重要任务,但基于传统供需平衡模式或历史惯性驱动模拟的城市规划布局可能导致一系列潜在的生态环境问题。根据城市发展具有历史惯性驱动和空间规划引导的双重特性,提出将地理模拟与优化(Geographical Simulation and Optimization Systems,简写为GeoSOS)等复杂GIS空间分析技术引入规划决策分析。通过利用最小累积阻力模型获取生态敏感区保护压力格局,并利用元胞自动机模型进行城市扩张模拟,分析城市惯性扩张模式对生态敏感区的潜在影响;然后根据生态敏感区保护和城市空间扩张的协调性发展目标进行生态适宜性评价,进而利用蚁群智能空间优化配置模型产生一种优化的城市空间布局方案。研究以我国珠江三角洲地区的广州市为案例,详细分析了基于GeoSOS的城市扩张与生态保护的协调决策过程。结果表明,整合了城市发展惯性与生态敏感区保护双重目标的空间优化布局方案,比单纯基于地理模拟进行规划布局更符合生态型城市建设需求,研究所提出的城市与生态二元空间协调分析框架可为城市规划提供可靠的定量决策支撑。In recent years, ecological systems such as forests, farmlands, and wetlands have witnessed an alarming rate of encroachment owing to indiscriminate urban development. This has resulted in the emergence of serious environmental and ecological issues such as air pollution, heat island formation, and groundwater contamination. Therefore, rational urban growth is becoming an increasingly important focus area for decision makers. Urban land planning is one of the most important means for inducing rational urban growth. However, most urban planning scenarios are based on only historical sprawl trends or traditional supply-demand balance; hence, they tend to ignore potential ecological and environmental issues. Consequently, optimal urban growth patterns that consider ecological conservation are attracting considerable interest from researchers and administrative decision makers. The conservation of ecologically sensitive areas plays a key role in environmental protection. Thus, harmonizing urban sprawling with the conservation of ecologically sensitive areas can be viewed as a binary compatibility planning problem. Here, we employ a geographical simulation and optimization system （GeoSOS） to apply complex spatial techniques to the analysis of the conflict between urban development and ecological protection. Current urban planning strategies and historical development rules are both considered to generate ecologically harmonious urban growth patterns, with the objective of providing a feasible decision-making framework for urban planning The main procedures can be described as follows： First, ecologically sensitive areas such as rivers and mountains are marked out on the basis of actual development demands. Next, the spatial conservation priority for ecologically sensitive areas is calculated using the minimum cumulative resistance （MCR） model. Second, urban sprawl pattems are simulated on the basis of historical rules using the cellular automata （ CA ） model. The conflict between urban development and th

关 键 词：元胞自动机 空间优化 生态敏感区 城市规划 地理模型与优化(GeoSOS) 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]