稷神崇拜与稷祀文化系统  

The God of Millet Worship and the Cultural System of God of Millet Sacrifice

作　　者：曹书杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学文学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第5期42-52,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：稷神是中国农业文明时代具有标志性的文化符号,由原初单一的自然神而演变为自然神与祖先神合一的神祇,与社神俱为农业神系中最古老、最稳定、最重要的崇拜和祭祀对象。作为祖先神的稷神-后稷是周人记忆中的始祖,由于周人立国"郊祀后稷以配天",后稷也由周人的氏族保护神演变为国家保护神,从而最大限度地提高了稷神的神格和在农业神系中的核心地位,稷祀也成为最为隆重、最具影响力的祭祀活动,并逐渐渗入诸多的社会领域,从而自西周以来渐次生成一个以"稷"符号为核心的稷祀文化系统,其属性涉及农业、祭祀、人物、职官、星官、地理等六个不同质的文化范畴,其内容包含十三个文化义项。在这种异质同构的文化系统中,自然神-稷是其共同的文化标征,祖先神-后稷则是其文化核心,成为中国古代文化中最富色彩的独特的文化现象。The God of Millet is a symbol in Chinese agricultural culture. Evolving from natural god to a combination of natural god and ancestral god, the God of Millet is the most ancient, stable and important worship and sacrificial offering object together with the God of Land. The ancestral god of millet is regarded as the primogenitor of Zhou people. Since it became a national guardian god of Zhou Dynasty with a higher position, the God of Millet sacrifice has become the most influential and ceremonious sacrifice rite. In Western Zhou Dynasty, a cultural system focusing on the symbol of millet arose, which contained 13 cultural items involving agriculture, sacrifice, people, official, as- terism and geography. The natural god of millet is the common feature of the culture system and the ancestral god of millet is its cultural center. This system is a unique phenomenon in ancient Chinese culture.

关 键 词：稷神 稷祀 后稷 稷官 稷星 稷山 稷泽 谷神 农神 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]