机直播稻不同密度分蘖特性及其与产量构成的关系  

Tillering Characteristics and Its Relationships with Yield Components of Mechanical Direct-seeding Rice in Different Densities

作　　者：陈明 欧阳玉朋 王美娥 钟宗石 叶高潮 曹晓利 孙小明 赵田芬 

机构地区：[1]上海海丰现代农业有限公司,江苏大丰224153

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第26期40-42,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探明大田栽培条件下不同播种密度对机条播水稻分蘖特性的影响。[方法]以＂淮稻5号＂为材料,采用对典型水稻田块调查和试验相结合的方法,研究机械条播栽培模式下水稻分蘖的发生、成穗特点以及对产量的影响。[结果]在播种密度为180万-225万株/hm^2时,单株成穗数多,第2-4叶位是分蘖发生的优势叶位,分蘖穗的穗部性状较好,虽然第1叶位的成穗数在茎蘖组成所占的比例较大,但其穗部性状较差,对最终产量贡献不大;当密度增至270万株/hm^2时,单株成穗数极低,分蘖优势叶位减少,仅有第2、3叶位是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位,其穗部性状较好,对产量贡献较大。[结论]在海丰地区,水稻机械直播适宜密度为180万-225万株/hm^2,在该密度条件下,通过科学栽培措施促进第2-4叶位早发、多发,充分利用优势叶位的增产潜力,对机直播稻实现高产具有重要意义。[Objective] The aim was to explore tillering characteristics of mechanical direct-seeding rice in different seeding densities in field production. [Method] The rice variety was＂Huaidao 5＂,and the methods of combining investigating the typical rice field with the experiment was used to study the effects of different densities on tiller emergence,panicle characteristics and yield of mechanical direct-seeding cultivation methods. [Result]When the sowing density was from 180 × 10^4 plants / hm^2 to 225 × 10^4 plants / hm^2,panicle number per plant was more,and the main tillering zone was located between from leaf 2 to leaf 4 and good characters were observed for the panicles developed from these leaves; although the panicle number of leaf 1 had a big proportion in the composition of a tiller spike,panicle traits were bad and made little contributions to the yield. When the sowing density was grown to 270 × 10^4 plants / hm^2,panicle number per plant was low,and the number of superior leaf position was less,only leaves 2 to 3 were the superior positions for tiller emerging and panicle formation,had better panicle traits and made great contributions to the yield. [Conclusion]The suitable sowing densities of mechanical direct-seeding rice were from 180 × 10^4 plants / hm^2 to 225 × 10^4 plants / hm^2 in Haifeng area. In these densities,it is of great significance to enhance the leaf 2 to leaf 4 tillers＇ emergence and flowering frequency; explore the way to increase yield potential of the superior leaf position through proper management measures is helpful to achieve the target of high yield of mechanical direct-seeding rice.

关 键 词：机直播稻 密度 分蘖 产量 

分 类 号：S504.8[农业科学—作物学]