土地细碎化增加农业生产成本了吗?——来自江苏省的微观调查  

Does Land Fragmentation Increase Agricultural Production Costs?A Microscopic Investigation from Jiangsu Province

作　　者：卢华[1] 胡浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,210095

出　　处：《经济评论》2015年第5期129-140,共12页Economic Review

基　　金：江苏省优势学科建设工程(农林经济管理);南京农业大学"中国粮食安全研究中心"的资助

摘　　要：本文基于农户生产行为理论,利用江苏省扬州市、淮安市和徐州市的农户实地调查数据,实证检验了土地细碎化对单位产量成本的影响。研究发现:辛普森指数对单位产量成本具有显著影响,辛普森指数增加一个单位,对应的每单位产量总成本增加19.4%,劳动力成本增加18.22%,化肥成本增加29.2%,其他物质费用下降11.4%。伴随辛普森指数增大,农户会合理调整不同生产要素在地块之间的投入量,会加大对劳动力及化肥使用,减少对现代农业机械等新技术的运用。单位产量成本随农户经营规模的扩大而减少,在不增加地块数情景下,意味着存在实现规模经济的可能。本文最后认为,政府应创造更多可供选择的市场机会和稳定的非农就业机会,完善土地所有权和用益物权建设,进一步增强农业生产能力。Based on the theory of production behavior of farmer, this paper empirically tests the impact of land fragmentation on the cost of production per unit by using the data of household survey in Yangzhou, Huaian and Xuzhou of Jiangsu province. The results reveal that Simpson＇ index has a significant impact on the cost of production per unit. A rise in Simpson index of each unit, the corresponding total cost of production per unit increases 19.4%, labor cost increases 18.22%, fertilizer costs increase 29.2%, and other material costs reduce 11.4%. With the Simpson＇ index increasing, farmers will make a reasonable adjustment about the agriculture inputs among different plots, and increase the use of labor and fertilizer, reduce the use of modern agriculture machines and new technologies. The increase of farming scale will decrease the costs of production, and economic scale effect can be achieved in the case of the number of plots not increase. This paper concludes that government should create more market opportunities and off- farm employment opportunities, strengthen the construction of ownership and property of land, and further enhance the agricultural production capacity.

关 键 词：土地细碎化 生产成本 辛普森指数 经营规模 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]