Soil Erosion Characteristics According to Tree-rings in a Karst Area  

喀斯特树轮记录的土壤侵蚀历史研究（英文）

作　　者：罗美[1] 周运超[1] 王可可 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省普定喀斯特生态系统研究站,普定562100

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2015年第4期257-262,共6页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：the National Key Basic Research Development Program(2013CB956702);Great Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05070405);the International Scientific Project of Guizhou(QKHWGZ-2010-7009);Great Basic Research Fund of Guizhou Province(QKH-JZ-2014-200203);100 High Level Innovating Project(QKHRC-2015-4022)

摘　　要：Dendrogeomorphological method was used to study soil erosion in two typical karst sites （Puding and Zhengfeng） in Guizhou Province, China. Eleven pairs of exposed and unexposed tree roots were measured in the field and sampled for anatomical characteristics. The results showed that the exposed roots recorded karst soil erosion. Significant changes were shown in the anatomical characteristics of the exposed tree roots when soil erosion occurred, such as suddenly narrower tree rings, smaller cells, and fewer earlywood cells. Meanwhile, the fabre lumen and vessel lumen areas markedly declined to the range of 39.20% to 70.66%, which only slightly implies soil erosion. The accurate time period during which soil erosion occurred was identified and combined with the age of the tree roots. Dynamics of soil erosion were calculated and soil erosion recorded by the exposed roots from 2002 to 2007 at an average rate of 0.484 t y^-1 at Puding, and from 2005 to 2007 at an average rate of 0.051 t y^-1 at Zhenfeng. Karst soil erosion was recorded by not only one species but by multi species of broadleaf tree roots, which can significantly enhance the study of karst soil erosion through the use of Dendrogeomorphological method. The quantity of eroded soil was found to be extremely large when records from the exposed tree roots were compared with estimates from site measurements of runoff. The major type of karst soil erosion was underground soil loss and this comprised approximately 2/3 of total erosion.在贵州中部典型喀斯特石漠化区选择2个试验样地进行树轮地貌学研究,通过对样地内计22对裸露和非裸露树根进行野外测定并取样进行室内测试,表明:喀斯特裸露根系记录了土壤侵蚀结果,裸露树根解剖结构显示土壤侵蚀发生时树根细胞生长发生明显变化,显示出年轮突然变窄、细胞明显减小、或者早材细胞数量减少等,同时,纤维面积、导管管胞面积也发生显著下降,多达70.66%,少则39.20%,而这种变化仅只与土壤侵蚀有关,结合树根年龄测定,得到土壤侵蚀发生的准确时间,并据此计算出样地尺度土壤侵蚀的动态过程,其中普定土壤侵蚀量发生在2002-2007年之间,平均侵蚀速率为每年0.484 t;贞丰土壤侵蚀发生在2005-2007年之间,平均侵蚀速率为每年0.051 t。树轮记录的土壤侵蚀不仅可以同一个物种进行测定,还可以多物种共同记录,这为以多物种阔叶混交林为主要植被的喀斯特土壤侵蚀记录的研究提供了强有力的方法;而树轮记录的土壤侵蚀量大大大于径流场监测的流失量,显示喀斯特地下流失为主,流失量占总土壤侵蚀量的2/3。

关 键 词：KARST tree ring soil erosion process underground soil loss 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]