机械化播栽对杂交籼稻根系性状的影响  

Effects of Mechanized Planting Methods on Root Traits of indica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：刘波[1] 田青兰 钟晓媛[1] 赵敏[1] 黄光忠[2] 马荣朝[1] 任万军[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]成都市郫县农村发展局,四川郫县611730

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2015年第5期490-500,共11页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(2011BAD16B05;2013BAD07B13);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)

摘　　要：以杂交籼稻宜香优2115和F优498为材料,手栽为对照,采用二因素裂区设计,使用新设计加工的取样工具,研究机直播和机插对杂交籼稻根系性状的影响。结果表明：1）创新设计的水稻根系取土器能够便捷而准确地进行根系取样甚至根系的分层取样;2）移栽前及返青后总根长、根体积、根尖数均表现为直播〉手栽〉机插,返青期间,机插和手栽秧苗的根系生长快速,根冠比呈增大趋势,同期的直播稻地上部的生长快于根系,根冠比减小。3）直播稻根系早期生长迅速,抽穗期根多而细,根尖数大于机插和手栽,根冠比最大;机插根系具有后发优势,分蘖盛期后快速生长,抽穗期总根长、根体积最大;手栽根系少而粗,根冠比最小。4）与手插相比,抽穗期直播和机插根系分布浅,0~10cm土层直播、机插、手栽根干质量分别占植株根系总干质量的76.9%、76.5%、67.9%,10~20cm及20cm以上土层直播和机插根干质量所占比例均低于手栽;横向分布上,直播在植株正下方0~12cm直径范围内根干质量所占比例较机插和手栽分别高3.5%和3.3%,根系更加集中分布在植株正下方。5）移栽前,根活性表现为直播〉机插〉手栽,差异极显著;移栽后,机插和手栽根活性快速提高,返青后无显著差异;至抽穗后35d,直播、机插和手栽方式下,宜香优2115根系伤流强度较抽穗0d分别降低84.7%、75.4%和74.3%,F优498分别降低79.3%、75.9%和74.3%,直播的根系衰老快于机插和手栽。总的来看,机械化播栽对杂交籼稻根系性状有显著影响,抽穗期机插根系分布浅,根粗而多;直播根系分布浅,根直径最小,根尖数最多,抽穗后衰老快;手栽根系分布深,根粗而少。A split-plot field experiment was conducted in farmers＇ paddy fields in 2014 to study the effects of direct seeding（DS）and mechanical transplanting（MT）on root traits of indica hybrid rice with a new rice root sampler.The main results were as follows：1）With the new rice root sampler,sampling and stratified sampling could be conducted accurately and conveniently;2）Total root length,root volume and the number of root tips before transplanting and after recovery under MT and artificial transplanting（AT）were all less than those under DS,while the root growth rate and root-shoot ratio under MT and AT were higher than those under DS in the recovery date;3）Root system under DS grew rapidly in the early growth stage with a larger root number and a thinner root type,and the number of root tips and root-shoot ratio were larger than those under MT and AT in the heading stage;Having the advantage of backwardness,the root system under MT grew rapidly after the active tillering stage,and the total root length and root volume were the largest in the heading stage;while root under MT was thicker with a smaller number and the least root-shoot ratio.4）Root under DS and MT distributed shallowly compared with AT,root dry weight in 0-10 cm soil layer under DS,MT and AT accounted for 76.9%,76.5%and 76.5%,respectively,and the proportion of root dry weight in 10-20 cm soil layer and deeper than 20 cm soil layer under DS and MT were less than AT;while horizontally,the root dry weight of rice under DS accounted for 3.5% and 3.3% higher than under MT and AT,respectively within 0-12 cm diameter range under the plant,which indicated that the root under MT and AT were more concentrated under the plant.5）Root activity was DS MTAT before transplanting with a extremely significant difference;the root activity of MT and AT increased rapidly after transplanting with no significant difference after recovery;root bleeding intensity under DS,MT and AT at 35 dafter heading decreased by 84.7%,75.4% and 74.3%,respectively compar

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 机械化播栽 根系性状 伤流强度 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]