Boldness and predator evasion in naturally hybridizing swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）  

在自然杂交的剑尾鱼大胆和逃避捕食者（批准号：剑尾鱼）

作　　者：James B. JOHNSON Zachary W. CULUMBER Ryan EASTERLING Gil G. R.OSENTHAL 

机构地区：[1]Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas TX 77843, USA [2]Centro de lnvestigaciones Cientificas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca", Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico

出　　处：《Current Zoology》2015年第4期596-603,共8页动物学报（英文版）

基　　金：We would like to thank the Mexican federal government and the state of Hidalgo for providing permits to collect fish and Nick Ratterman, Kirk Winemiller and Lee Fitzgerald for helpful comments on early versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by funding provided by a National Science Foundation grant （I0S-0923825） award- ed to G.G.R.R.E. was supported by an Undergraduate Program in Biological and Mathematical Sciences （UBM; National Science Foundation grant （DBI-1029401） directed by Dr. Jay Walton. All experiments conducted in this study complied with current state, federal, and local laws in the United States and Mexico.

摘　　要：Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. We evaluated how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness （time of emergence and proportion of time out of shelter） and response to a simulated predator threat in swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）. In poeciliid fishes, bold individuals have increased survival in the presence of predators. This non-intuitive observation may arise as a result of bold individuals being more likely to engage in anti-predator behaviors. Contrary to our prediction, bold indi- viduals were less likely to perform a fast-start response to a predator threat. This correlation was consistent among populations and species but was only significant in hybrids. The observed correlation between boldness and anti-predator behavior could im- pact hybrid fitness and the evolvability of hybrid lineages. More generally, our findings suggest that hybridization could influence the integration of behavioral phenotypes, as has been amply documented for morphology. Animal personality and behavioral syndromes could therefore play an important role in the evolutionary fate of natural hybrids [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 596-603, 2015].

关 键 词：Trait compensation Fast-Start Anti-predator behavior HYBRIDIZATION Behavioral syndrome Animal personality 

分 类 号：S835[农业科学—畜牧学] Q959.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]