Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?  

作　　者：Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus 

机构地区：[1]Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University [2]Consultant Forester and Forest Ecologist [3]School ofBiological Sciences, University of Tasmania [4]Department of Forests and Society, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad Austral de Chile [5]Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish Agricultural University [6]Haramaya University [7]Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445, Boulevard de l’Université [8]Institute of Forest Management, TUMSchool of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universit?t München [9]Department of Forest Management and Statistics IFRIT, Chinese Academy of Forestry [10]Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Florence [11]Department of Biology, University of Florida [12]Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [13]Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg,Tennenbacherstr

出　　处：《Forest Ecosystems》2015年第2期123-138,共16页森林生态系统（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture;the Edmund Hayes Professorship;the support from FONDECYT Grant No 1110744;funding for this work from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 265171

摘　　要：Background： The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This conventionar＇ forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration, and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods. Methods： Our compilation of the authors＇ experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices. Results： The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges. Conclusions： In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptanceBackground： The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This conventionar＇ forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration, and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods. Methods： Our compilation of the authors＇ experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices. Results： The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges. Conclusions： In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance

分 类 号：S757[农业科学—森林经理学]