区域环境风险评估与风险区划——以沈阳市浑南区为例  

Regional Environmental Risk Assessment and Risk Regionalization―― Taking the Case of Hunnan District of Shenyang City as an Example

作　　者：王坚[1] 陈刚[1] 黄相国[1] 张广鑫[1] 江晶[2] 崔勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳环境科学研究院,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]东北大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2015年第4期20-26,共7页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：沈阳市科技局科技计划项目(F15-116-9-00)资助

摘　　要：区域环境风险评估和风险区划能够指导产业结构与布局优化调整,是防范和降低区域环境风险的重要方法。文章分别从风险物质数量、风险诱发因素及风险防控能力角度,构建了化学品源、大气排放源、污水排放源、危险废物产生源和累积性风险源等5类环境风险源风险表征方法,从复杂程度及社会敏感性角度构建了环境敏感受体风险表征方法,基于单元划分—风险叠加—多元分析流程,构建了区域环境风险综合评估和区划方法。以沈阳市浑南区为研究对象,开展了区域环境风险评估与风险区划。通过主要环境风险源和敏感受体识别,得到了浑南区环境风险分布图。基于主成分分析,将浑南区分为高风险、中高风险、中风险和低风险4个风险区域,主成分分析的得分图和载荷图可直观表达各分区的风险特征。Regional environmental risk assessment（RERA） and environmental risk regionalization（ERR） can guide the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure and layout and therefore are important measures for prevention and reduction of environmental risks. In this paper, a risk characterization method for five environmental risk sources concerning chemical utilization, air emission, sewage discharge, hazardous waste generation, and accumulative risk is established from the points of the quantity of hazardous substances, risk inducer and risk control capacity. A risk characterization method for environmental sensitive receptors is also set up from the aspects of complex degree and social sensitivity. On the basis of the process of unit division-risk overlay-multivariate statistics, methods of RERA and ERR are constructed. Then, Hunnan District of Shenyang City is taken as the study target for demonstration of RERA and ERR. The regional environmental risk distribution map of Hunnan District is obtained based on the identification of major environmental risk sources and environmental sensitive receptors. The District is partitioned into four regions with high risk, high-middle risk, middle risk and low risk respectively by principal component analysis（PCA） of environmental risk factors. From the scoring and loading plots of PCA, the risk characteristics of each partition can be shown directly.

关 键 词：区域环境风险 环境风险区划 环境风险源 环境敏感受体 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]