氮素亏缺对超级杂交早稻生长发育、产量形成及氮肥利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on the Growth,Yield and Nitrogen Use for the Super Hybrid Early Rice

作　　者：陈小荣[1] 黄磊[1] 钟蕾[1] 黄文贇 朱昌兰[1] 彭小松[1] 贺晓鹏[1] 傅军如[1] 欧阳林娟[1] 边建民[1] 胡丽芳[1] 贺浩华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第7期1427-1435,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31360309;30860136);江西省科技支撑计划资助项目(2010BNA03600);江西省领军人才培养计划项目"性状机能协调型"双季杂交稻的选育与应用

摘　　要：为提高超级杂交早稻氮肥利用率,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同生育阶段氮素亏缺对超级杂交早稻生长发育、产量形成及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,分蘖期不施氮明显减少了超级杂交早稻的分蘖数和茎、叶、穗部器官干生物质量;分蘖期和幼穗分化期不施氮使超级杂交早稻单株产量显著降低,而幼苗期及抽穗期后缺氮对单株产量影响较小;分蘖期缺氮明显降低了超级杂交早稻单株有效穗数,幼穗分化期缺氮对每穗总粒数和结实率的影响最大;超级杂交早稻单株产量、单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、分蘖及干生物质量均存在一定的氮素亏缺补偿效应,但未发现结实率存在明显的氮素亏缺补偿效应,千粒重补偿效应也极小;总体上,分蘖期至抽穗期,尤其是幼穗分化期保证氮素的充分供应,控制籽粒乳熟后氮肥的使用对超级杂交早稻氮肥农学利用率(ANUE)、氮肥吸收效率(NUPE)、氮收获指数(NHI)、氮肥生理利用率(NPE)、氮肥偏生产力(PFP)可起到优化的效果。超级杂交早稻氮素亏缺的敏感期为分蘖期至幼穗分化期,补偿有效临界期为抽穗期,保证分蘖期至幼穗分化期的氮素供应对于提高超级杂交早稻氮利用率及增加产量极为重要,而对于缺氮条件下的氮肥补追应不能晚于抽穗期。In order to increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency for the super hybrid early rice, the sensitive stage and the compensatory effective critical stage of nitrogen deficiency should be ascertained. Pot experiments were carried out to study responses to nitrogen deficiency and compensatory effects on the growth and development, yield formation and nitrogen use for the super hybrid early rice at different growth stages. The results showed that nitrogen deficiency at tillering stage obviously reduced tillers, dry matter weight for the organ of stem, leaf, and panicle. Nitrogen deficiency at tillering stage and young panicle differentiation stage decreased yield per plant for the super hybrid early rice significantly, while there were light effects at young seedling stage and after heading. Nitrogen deficiency at tillering stage clearly reduced effective panicles per plant, while grains per panicle and seed-setting rate were evidently affected by nitrogen deficiency at young panicle differentiation stage. There were definite compensatory effects of nitrogen deficiency for yield per plant, effective panicles per plant, grains per panicle, tillers and dry matter weight for the super hybrid early rice, but there was no compensatory effect of nitrogen deficiency on the seed-setting rate, and that of 1 000 - grain weight was minor for the super hybrid early rice. In general, nitrogen application sufficiently from tillering stage to heading, especially young panicle differentiation stage and controlling after grain milking would optimize the indexes of agronomic nitrogen use efficiency （ANUE）, nitrogen uptake efficiency （NUPE）, nitrogen harvest index （NHI）, nitrogen physiological efficiency （NPE） and partial factor productivity （PFP） for the super hybrid early rice. The sensitive stage of the nitrogen deficiency for the super hybrid early rice was from tillering stage to young panicle differentiation stage, and the compensatory effective critical stage was heading stage. Insure nitrogen application f

关 键 词：超级杂交早稻 氮素亏缺 生长发育 产量 氮肥利用 补偿效应 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]