施肥枪施肥对桃树根层土壤养分分布的影响  

The Influence of Fertilizer Applicator on the Distribution of Soil Nutrients in Peach Tree Root Layers

作　　者：于世欣[1] 吴小宾[1] 崔秀敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第8期1624-1631,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：泰安市科技发展计划项目(32606);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金

摘　　要：为了提高肥料利用率,以10年生晚熟桃品种中华寿桃为试材,研究了施肥枪施肥与开放射状沟撒施对土壤养分动态含量的变化,以及对植株叶片养分含量、桃树产量和桃品质的影响。结果表明,相同施肥量下,0-40cm土层中施肥枪施肥土壤中速效钾、速效磷的含量显著高于开放射状沟撒施,最高可提高46.92%和30.0%,40-60cm土层中差异不显著;各土层土壤NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N含量显著高于开放射状沟撒施,最高可提高76.44%和48.77%。不同施肥方式施肥后叶片的全氮、全磷含量随施肥量的增加而增加,中等施肥量施肥枪施肥处理与最高施肥量放射状沟撒施处理的叶片全磷含量相同,全钾含量变化不规律,相同施肥量不同施肥方式处理间差异显著;相同施肥量下,施肥枪施肥对果实单果重、果径、可溶性固形物含量以及提高果实产量有积极作用。由此可见,施肥枪施肥可提高肥料利用率。本研究为果园高效施肥提供了理论依据。To improve fertilizer use efficiency,fertilizer applicator fertilization was used as a simple fertilization method on fruit trees. This study was carried out to explore the influence of the ditch broadcast fertilization in the radial shape and fertilizer applicator on the changes of soil nutrient dynamic content,and the impact on the nutrient content of leaves,peach yields and qualities of 10-year-old late-maturing peach cultivar Chinese peach. The results showed that with the same amount of fertilizer,the soil content of potassium and available phosphorus under the treatment of 0 to 40 cm soil fertilization with the fertilizer applicator,was significantly higher than the ditch broadcast fertilization in the radial shape,the maximum increase was 46. 92% and 30. 0%,respectively,and no significant differences appeared compared to 40 - 60 cm soil; Each soil layer NH4^＋- N,NO3^-- N content with fertilizer applicator fertilization was significantly higher than the ditch broadcast fertilization in the radial shape,and the maximum increase was 76. 44% and 48. 77%,respectively. Total contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves increased with increasing amount of fertilizer. The difference between the same fertilized amounts was not observed significantly. With the same amount of fertilizer,fertilizer applicator had a positive effect on single fruit weight,fruit diameter,contents of soluble solids and fruit yield.So this study can provide a theoretical basis for fertilizer applicator fertilization increasing soil nutrient content and orchard efficient fertilization.

关 键 词：桃树 施肥枪施肥 根层土壤 果实品质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]