秸秆腐解液对玉米幼苗的生理效应及酚酸类化感成分的检测  

Physiological Effects of Maize Stalk Decomposition Liquid on Seedlings and Detection of Phenolic Allelochemical Ingredients

作　　者：李晶[1] 赵先龙[1] 乔天长[1] 顾万荣[1] 焦健[1] 李改玲[1] 罗宁[1] 魏湜[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院/农业部东北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《核农学报》2015年第9期1799-1805,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B06);寒地作物品种改良与生理生态重点开放实验室项目"玉米秸秆还田后自毒效应及分子调控机制研究"(HDZW-008)

摘　　要：为探讨秸秆还田后对下茬玉米幼苗的生理效应及对腐解液中酚酸类化感成分的鉴定,以盆栽玉米为供试材料,分析了不同腐解时间(0、60、120、180、240、300、360d)、不同腐解浓度(0.5、0.25、0.125、0.0625、0.03125 g DW·m L-1)下玉米秸秆腐解液对苗期叶片保护酶活性、丙二醛含量以及叶片中内源激素的影响,并采用LC-MS对腐解液中典型化感成分进行测定分析,初步阐明了连作状态下秸秆还田对苗期玉米生长的影响,以期为大田生产中应用秸秆还田技术提供相关科学依据。结果表明:秸秆腐解液中出现化感效应的物质是苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、香草酸、阿魏酸。腐解时间短的秸秆腐解液中化感成分含量高,随着腐解时间延长,化感成分含量降低。短期腐解及高浓度腐解液会导致SOD和POD活性降低,MDA含量增加,对幼苗造成一定逆境胁迫,影响膜渗透调节;腐解液还会造成幼苗内源激素代谢紊乱,使IAA、GA、ZR大量积累,影响正常激素平衡,抑制植株生长,生成大量ABA,加速植株衰老。Continuous cropping was very common in Heilongjiang maize production. It is very important to investigate the allelopthic effects after maize straw returning into soil,for straw burning is not only a waste of resources but also potential environment pollutant. A pot experiment was conducted with maize seedlings as materials,to investigate the effects of maize stalk decomposition liquid of different decomposition time（0,60,120,180,240,300 and 360 d） and different decomposition solution concentrations（ 0. 5,0. 25,0. 125,0. 0625,and 0. 03125 g DW·ml） on leaf protective enzymes activity,MDA content and endogenous hormones in leaf of maize seedlings as well as measuring and analyzing typical allelopathic substances in decomposition liquid using LC-MS. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of maize straw returning on maize growth under continuous cropping production and could provide scientific basis for the application of straw returning in field production. The results showed that the allelopathic substances were benzoic acid,4-hydroxybenzoic acid,phthalic acid,vanillic acid,and ferulic acid appeared in stalk decomposition liquid. The stalk decomposition liquid of shorter decomposed time had higher content of allelochemicals. With increasing stalk decomposed time,the content of allelochemicals decreased. The application of stalk decomposed liquid of short-time decomposition or high concentration reduced the activity of SOD and POD,increased MDA content,caused stress on seedlings and had an effect on osmotic adjustment as well as metabolism disorder of endogenous hormones in maize seedlings. In addition,the accumulation of IAA,GA and ZR were increased with the application of stalk decomposed liquid,which influenced the normal hormone balance and played an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Meanwhile,plenty of produced ABA accelerated plant senescence.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆腐解液 叶片生理 内源激素 化感物质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]