我国电力改革涉及的电价问题  

Pricing Issues in China′s Electricity Industry Reform

作　　者：朱成章[1] 

机构地区：[1]能源部政策法规司,北京100045

出　　处：《中外能源》2015年第9期1-6,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：我国2002年和2015年两次电力改革时，都有人提出要求降低电价。2002年开始的电力改革学习英国的电力改革模式，要实行电价下降。有人提出“电力改革，降价为先”，2002年电力改革延续了改革开放以来国家通过政府管制下价格与成本背离和工商业交叉补贴居民的销售电价结构双扭曲的定价方式。这实际上执行的是一种普遍性的隐性交叉补贴政策，其结果是城乡居民用上了低电价，同时又不会增加政府的财政负担。由于政府不了解交叉补贴的沉重负担，于是不断扩大补贴面。2002—2010年，我国城乡居民电价在国际上处于较低水平。2015年电力改革时仍有人提出要继续降低电价。但中共中央国务院中发[201519号文提出，电力体制改革的第一项重点任务是，“有序推进电价改革，理顺电价形成机制”，就是要由电力市场来决定电价。9号文还规定了妥善处理电价交叉补贴，结合电价改革进程。配套改革不同种类电价之间的交叉补贴。交叉补贴的费用主要来源于电力企业，现在发电企业的平均负债已达80％以上，电网企业的平均负债在60％左右，这些巨额债务都补贴了低电价用户。妥善处理电价交叉补贴是个重要的问题。这个问题不解决，电力改革难以顺利进行。Some people called for a reduction in electricity prices when China launched electricity reforms in both 2002 and 2015.The reform initiated in 2002 followed the pattern of the UK＇s electricity reform,in which electricity prices were cut.Some people believe price cut should be the top priority of an electricity reform.The 2002 reform continued the pricing mode China had adopted since the imposition of the open-door policy,where government-regulated prices deviated from real costs and industrial and commercial users cross- subsidized residential users in terms of pricing of electricity for different sectors.The country was actually im- plementing a nationwide covert cross-subsidization policy and the result of the policy was residents in both urban and rural areas had access to cheap electricity,while no burden was added to government finance.As the government did not understand the heavy burden resulting from cross-subsidization,the coverage of subsi- dies kept increasing.During 2002 to 2010,the electricity prices for China＇s residential sector were relatively low as compared with other countries.In the reform initiated in 2015,some people again proposed to further cut electricity prices.However,the State Council said in a decree numbered [201519 that the top priority of electricity system reform is to push a reform in electricity pricing progressively and to straighten out electric- ity pricing mechanism.This means that electricity prices must be determined by market forces.The decree also set out requirements for cross-subsidization of electricity users.As the electricity pricing reform proceeds into different stages,the cross-subsidization for different types of electricity users will be reformed.Funds used for cross-subsidization will primarily be sourced from electricity producers.The average level of liabilities of elec- tricity producers in China has exceeded 80% and that for grid operators is about 60%.These huge liabilities are derived from subsidies on electricity users enjoying low electricity price

关 键 词：电价 居民用电 工业用电 农业用电 电力改革 交叉补贴 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济]