半干旱区不同覆盖方式对豌豆耗水和产量的影响  

Effects of different mulching methods on water consumption and yield of pea in rain-fed semiarid area

作　　者：汤瑛芳[1] 张小红[2] 张绪成[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院农业工程咨询中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730700 [3]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第5期6-10,180,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省杰出青年基金项目(1210RJDA011);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031)资助

摘　　要：为探讨半干旱区旱地不同覆盖方式对豌豆耗水特征、产量以及土壤含水量的影响,连续2年测定并研究了全膜覆土穴播（PMS）、全膜覆盖穴播（PM）和露地穴播（CK）3种不同处理的豌豆发育动态、0～200 cm土壤水分季节变化、豌豆地上生物量动态、产量和耗水量。结果表明：PMS处理使豌豆营养生长期缩短,生殖生长期延长,并延长全生育期天数,PMS处理的豌豆生育期在2011、2012年分别较CK延长了12 d和7 d,较PM分别延长了17d和13 d;地膜覆盖使豌豆全生育期0～200 cm土层的土壤含水量增加,但3种处理全生育期的耗水量无显著差异;在开花前,PM的地上生物量最大,其次为PMS,CK最小,在收获期,PMS的生物量和籽粒产量均显著高于PM;PM和PMS的产量较CK分别在2011、2012年提高了50.8%和27.2%、70.3%和30.3%,与PM处理相比,PMS的豌豆产量在2011、2012年提高了12.9%、5.6%,但2个处理的土壤耗水量在2年均无显著差异。尤其重要的是,地膜覆盖种植2年豌豆后,PM和PMS的土壤贮水量较CK提高了89.3 mm和95.7 mm。因此,通过覆盖降低棵间蒸发是提高旱地豌豆产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的主要途径。Whole field surface plastic mulching is an efficient way to inhibit evaporation, and increase crop yield and water use efficiency, which has been applied widely in wheat and maize cultivation in semiarid on northwest loess plateau. However, only few theoretical investigations and approaches on yield related with pea cultivation were conduct- ed. To understand the effect of different mulching methods on water consumptive characteristics and yield of pea, a two- year term field experiment was carried out with three treatments including whole field surface plastic mulching and soil covered on plastic film （PMS）, whole field surface plastic mulching （PM） and uncovered treatment （CK）. The growth stages, seasonal change of soil water content in 0 - 200 cm soil layer, dynamics of aboveground biomass, and grain yield and water consumption of pea were measured in this field experiment. The results showed that the plastic mulching short- ened the vegetative growth stage, elongated reproductive development stage, caused a prolonged whole growth stage. The growth stage of pea with PMS treatment was elongated by 7 - 12 days and 13 - 17 days in 2011 and 2012, compared with CK and PM treatment respectively. The soil water content in 0 - 200 cm layer was increased with PM and PMS treatments before pea flowering and the vegetative growth of pea was also promoted, compared with the CK. With the growth of pea, there was no significant difference in water consumption between the three treatments. Before pea flowering, the aboveground biomass with PM treatment was higher than that with PMS treatment, and was the lowest in CK. However, the aboveground biomass with PMS treatment was significant higher than that with PM and in CK, and it was also lowest in CK at the harvest stage. The yield of pea with PM and PMS treatments was increased by 50.8% and 27.2% in 2011, and 70.3% and 30.3% in 2012 respectively, compared with CK. Additionally, the yield of pea with PMS treatment be- came increased by 12.9% and 5.6% in 2011 and 201

关 键 词：豌豆 全膜覆土穴播 土壤含水量 产量 

分 类 号：S529.01[农业科学—作物学]