高校宿舍建筑内使用者用能行为特征的统计学分析  

Statistical Analysis on the Characteristics of Energy Use Behavior in Students' Dormitories in Universities

作　　者：陈淑琴[1] 杜博文[2] 刘世杰[2] 徐方[2] 卢瑶[2] 刑浩威 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,杭州310058 [2]同济大学机械与能源工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑科学》2015年第8期133-139,共7页Building Science

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目"基于主体的住宅建筑内人员用能随机行为建模研究";同济大学SITP项目"校园建筑内使用者用能行为特征及其对建筑能耗的影响"

摘　　要：校园建筑能耗巨大,且因其用能管理粗放,建筑用能行为存在很大浪费。然而,校园建筑内使用者用能行为特征及其对节能的量化研究却非常缺乏。本项目在某高校内选取了宿舍建筑进行调研,分析了宿舍内照明、空调、电脑、热水器的使用特征。建立了冬夏两季单人日均用电的简化计算模型,并利用K-均值聚类分析,分析了奢侈型、适度性、节约型等3种类型的用能行为特征。调研结果表明:宿舍内照明和热水器的使用比较节俭;空调的逐时使用比例也较小,但空调温度设定及空调温度控制方式欠科学;通过减少学生离开时的电脑开机和待机比例,在一定程度上可降低电耗。聚类分析表明,奢侈型样本在冬夏两季个人日均用电量为6.81 k W·h/(人·d),适度型样本为3.56 k W·h/(人·d),节约型样本为1.16 k W·h/(人·d)。三类用能行为样本在冬夏季空调的使用时间上差别很大,可见空调的使用时长对用能行为聚类有重要贡献,而照明、电脑、热水器的使用对聚类的影响不大。高校建筑用能行为特征分析可为绿色校园建设提供基础数据支持。There is huge energy consumption in university buildings, and there is also great waste caused by the unreasonable energy use behaviour, due to the loose management. Few researches have been conducted on features of energy use behaviour and its quantitative effect of energy consumption. Given this, this project investigated and analyzed the features of the operation of lighting, air conditioning, computer and water heater in dormitories in a typical university. A simplified model is built to calculate the per-capita daily electricity use in summer and winter. K average value cluster analysis is used to categorize the energy use into three types of the luxury group, moderate group and the thrifty group, and the characteristics of the energy use behavior of each group are analyzed. Results show that, no serious waste exists in the use of lighting and water heating. The hourly use rate of air-conditioners is not high, but the set temperature and temperature control are not scientific. Also, a certain amount of electricity consumption can be reduced by reducing the operation and standby for the computers when users leave. The cluster analysis indicated, per-capita daily electricity use in summer and winter of the luxury group was 6.81 kW. h/ （capita ＊ day）, that of moderate group 3.56 kW-h/（ capita ＊ day） , that of thrifty group 1.16 kW. h/（ capita ＊ day）. The three categories vary a lot in the use time of air conditioners, and this indicates the operation time of air conditioners plays an important role in the behaviour cluster, while that of lighting, computer, and water heater do not. The analysis of energy use behavior provides data support for green campus development.

关 键 词：高等院校 学生宿舍 用能行为特征 行为节能 

分 类 号：TU111.195[建筑科学—建筑理论]