基本权利的功能体系与行政法治的进路  

Functional System of Fundamental Rights and Approach to the Rule of Administrative Law

作　　者：郑春燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2015年第5期28-38,共11页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：陈国权教授主持的国家社会科学基金重大项目"反腐败法治化与科学的权力结构与运行机制研究"(批准号14ZDA016;作者为子课题负责人);耶鲁大学中国中心合作项目"参与式治理的机制与实践:以重大行政决策公开程序为例"的共同成果

摘　　要：以宪法基本权利观之,行政法肩负着授予、运作、规制行政权力,以实现基本权利功能保障的重要使命。两者之间的内在呼应,谱写了德国行政法学的历史脉络,却在梳理我国行政法学的宪法基础时遭遇了解释困境:作为通说的行政法控权理论,理应生发于宪法基本权利的防御权功能,却立基于青睐客观价值秩序功能的宪法规范之上。我国宪法基本权利功能体系的特别安排,根源于社会主义的根本制度,并在权力传统与现实因素的双重作用下形成了行政中心的权力格局。因此,行政法学回答问题的场域,应从司法中心拓展到行政过程,在关注个人请求权的传统行政行为概念之外,以行政决策为基本概念,借助行政决策的非正式程序建构,实现基本权利客观价值秩序功能保障。进而,有关以司法中心主义为启动器的中国法治建设模式,也应得到反思。From the perspective of fundamental constitutional fights, administrative law has the important mission of ensuring the function of fundamental rights by defining, exercising and regulating administrative power. The transition of the function of constitutional fundamental rights affects the content of administrative task and determines the general approach to the rule of administrative law. The relationship between fundamental constitutional fights and administrative law has created the historical context of German administrative law, but is faced with difficulties when used to explain the constitutional foundation of Chinese administrative law. According to the logic of German administrative law, the dominant Chinese administrative law theory of power control should be based on the defensive function of fundamental rights. However, normative analysis reveals that Chinese constitution prefers the objective order of the values of fundamental rights and the defensive function of fundamental rights in Chinese constitution is not in a dominant position. This special arrangement of the function system of fundamental constitutional rights in China is rooted in the socialist system, which creates an administration-centered authority structure under the dual effects of power tradition and reality. Therefore, Chinese administrative law needs to shift its focus of attention from judicial review to administrative process. This means that it should base itself on the concept of ＂administrative decision-making＂, which pays attention to objective law as another basic concept in addition to the traditional concept of ＂administrative action＂, which focuses on personal claim, and realize the objective order of values of fundamental fights through the construction of an informal procedure of administra- tive decision-making. On the basis of these studies, reflections should also be made on the judicialcentered model of the rule of law in China.

关 键 词：基本权利 行政法治 行政决策 非正式程序 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]