机械化生产视角下我国蔬菜产业发展现状及国外模式研究  

Comparison analysis between China's and foreign vegetable productions with the adoption of mechanization

作　　者：肖体琼[1,2] 何春霞[1] 曹光乔[2] 陈永生[2] 崔思远[2] 赵闰[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031 [2]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2015年第5期857-861,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD08B03)

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国蔬菜产业发展迅速,目前已经成为种植业第二大产业,蔬菜产业在我国农业经济中发挥着重要作用,但也面临价格波动、质量安全、生产成本高等瓶颈问题,转变以人工为主的传统蔬菜生产方式为机械化生产是必然的选择。本文研究我国蔬菜机械化发展现状,分析国外蔬菜产业发展典型模式和发展经验,结合发展环境对比分析,提出我国发展蔬菜机械化的对策。结果表明,我国蔬菜生产机械化还处于初始阶段,与发达国家相比差距较大,美国日本等国家已实现蔬菜产业现代化,而我国蔬菜生产机械化水平较低,且发展不均衡,因作业环节、区域条件和蔬菜品种的不同呈现出较大差异,政策投入、推广机制和技术创新对机械化技术发展有较大影响。以美国和日本为代表的两种典型国外模式对我国蔬菜产业发展具有借鉴作用,为了实现我国蔬菜生产实现机械化和现代化,应结合我国国情,强化政策扶持,优化生产布局,构建标准化技术体系,推进农机化科技成果的应用。Since the reform and opening up,C hina’s vegetable production has been developing rapidly and now is the second largestplantindustry.V egetable production plays a criticalrole in C hina’s agriculturaleconom y.B utitalso faces som e challenges, including price fluctuations, food safety concerns, increased cost of production, etc. T his paper com pared the m echanization status of C hina’s vegetable production and typical foreign vegetable productions and provided som e suggestions for C hina’s vegetable production m echanization by leaning from the successful experiences ofothercountries.Resultsshow that,China’svegetableproductionmechanizationisstillintheprimarystage.Thereisa big gap betw een C hina’s vegetable production m echanization and that of the developed countries such as the U S and Japan.The com prehensive m echanization levelforChina’svegetable production isvery low and unbalanced,varied by differentoperation types,differentregionalconditions,and differentvarieties.This study also identified som e im portant factors influencing the m echanization ofvegetable production in C hina,including policy support,extension services,and technology innovation. B ased on the successful experiences from the developed countries, to realize the m echanization and m odernization of vegetable production in C hina, form ulating som e supporting policies, optim izing regional concentration of vegetable production, establishing the standardized technology system , and enhancing the extension services are necessary.

关 键 词：农业机械化 农业现代化 蔬菜 生产方式 模式 

分 类 号：S233.74[农业科学—农业机械化工程]