战后日本社会运动的演进和特征  

Japanese Social Movements and Its Characteristics in the Post-war Era

作　　者：胡澎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《日本学刊》2015年第5期98-119,共22页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：战后70年日本涌现出诸多内容、形式、特征各异的社会运动,如和平运动、工人运动、学生运动、反公害运动、消费者运动、环境保护运动、居民运动、妇女运动、信息公开运动、社区营造运动等。这些社会运动在与政府的关系上基本可分为"对抗型"、"要求型"与"建设型"三种。具有以下特征:运动的主体是"新中间阶层",与社会问题密切相关,互联网的作用日益增强等。值得注意的是,20世纪90年代以来,社会生活领域中的社会运动呈现出由"对抗型"转向"建设型"的趋势,而思想意识领域的社会运动则呈现出民族保守主义与和平民主主义两大势力的激烈交锋。There have been various types of social movements in Japan in the seventy years of the post - war era, including the peace movement, the student movement, the labor movement, the anti - publichazard movement, the environmental movement, the consumers＇ movement, the women＇ s movement, the movement for the publication of information, the movement for community building, etc. In terms of their relations with the authorities, all those social movements can be classified into three different categories, namely confrontational, request - based and constructive. Those social movements share some common characteristics. The leaders and main participants are the ＂ newmiddle class＂ . The movements are closely connected with the social issues. The role of internet is growing in the movements. Since the 1990s, there has been a growing trend for Japanese social movements to shift from the confrontational type to the constructive type, and the social movements in ideological aspect are reflected as the clashes between the national conservatism and the pacifism and democracy.

关 键 词：日本社会 社会运动 社会问题 新中间阶层 

分 类 号：K313.5[历史地理—历史学]