鱼菜共生系统氮素迁移转化的研究与优化  

Investigation and optimization of nitrogen transformations in aquaponics

作　　者：邹艺娜[1] 胡振[1] 张建[1] 谢慧君[2] 梁爽[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境科学与工程学院,济南250100 [2]山东大学环境研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2015年第9期4211-4216,共6页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21307076);山东大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助2014TB003

摘　　要：中国是世界上最大的水产养殖国,但是含有大量氮元素化合物的养殖废水对周围环境的污染已经成为影响该行业可持续发展的关键因素。鱼菜共生系统被认为是解决这一问题的有效途径。作为一种新兴的生态系统,目前对鱼菜共生系统中氮元素迁移转化规律的研究较少。通过对实验室规模的鱼菜共生系统进行研究,揭示系统内氮的迁移转化规律,掌握N2O的释放规律,同时尝试采用填料级配分层、添加硝化细菌等方式对系统进行优化。研究结果表明,投入系统的饵料中氮素以氨氮的形式被排出鱼体外后,在微生物作用下转化为亚硝酸盐氮及硝酸盐氮,进一步被植物吸收利用,提高了氮的利用效率。鱼菜共生系统以N2O形式释放的氮素约占氮素总输入的1.54%,与普通水产养殖相比,其N2O转化率没有明显增加。另外,采用填料级配分层以及添加硝化细菌等方法对系统进行优化,可促进系统内硝酸盐的积累,减少N2O释放,提高系统的经济效益和环境效益。China is the largest aquaculture producer in the world. However,with the rapid development of the aquaculture industry,aquaculture effluent,which is rich of nitrogen compounds,has caused serious contamination to the surrounding environment. Water pollution caused by aquaculture system has become a key impediment in the sustainable development of the industry. Aquaponics,which is an integration of aquaculture and hydroponic systems,is considered to be an effective way to solve this problem. As an emerging ecosystem,to date,little attention has been paid to the nitrogen transformations in aquaponics. In this study,lab scale aquaponic systems were operated to investigate nitrogen transformations in aquaponics,and nitrous oxide（ N2O） emissions from aquaponics were also observed. Results showed that nitrogen in fish feed was firstly excreted in the form of NH＋4-N,then gradually oxidized to nitrite and nitrate through nitrification,and was eventually utilized by plant growth. N2O emissions from aquaponics accounted for 1. 54% of its total nitrogen input. The N2O conversion ratio of aquaponics was similar as that of aquaculture system. Attempts（ i. e.,filter graduation and nitrifies addition） were conducted to optimize the nitrogen utilization efficiency of aquaponics. Both nitrifying bacteria addition and filter graduation could increase nitrate accumulation and decrease N2O emissions of aquaponics,and would further lead to better economic output and higher environmental benefits.

关 键 词：鱼菜共生系统 氮素迁移转化 N2O释放 硝化反应 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]