抗结核药物超敏反应实验室诊断方法研究进展及期望  

The research progresses and expectation in laboratory diagnosis of hypersensitivity caused by antituberculosis drugs

作　　者：雷建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省胸科医院结核科,南昌330008

出　　处：《中国防痨杂志》2015年第9期923-927,共5页Chinese Journal of Antituberculosis

摘　　要：抗结核药物超敏反应（过敏反应）的诊断仍然是结核病临床和实验室工作者的难题。药物超敏反应属于特异性免疫范畴，公认超敏反应类型分为4型。包括I型超敏反应或通常所说的过敏反应（anaphylaxis），Ⅱ型超敏反应又称细胞溶解型（cytolytictype）或细胞毒型（cytotoxictype）超敏反应（hypersensitivity），Ⅲ型超敏反应（immunecomplexhypersensitivity）亦称免疫复合物病，Ⅳ型超敏反应也称延缓型超敏反应（delayedhypersensitivi—ty）。超敏反应的实验室检测方法包括：非特异性抗体检测、相关细胞因子检测、特异性抗药抗体检测、药物刺激淋巴细胞转化试验、特异性浆细胞检测、特异性T淋巴细胞检测、过敏相关基因检测等。期待我们充分运用现代科学技术研究成果，在抗结核药物超敏反应研究领域着手系统的、基础的及临床应用的多中心的研究，不久的将来形成新的诊断药物过敏反应实验室检查金标准。It is still a very difficult problem to diagnose the hypersesitivity caused by antituberculosis drugs for clinical and laboratory workers. Drug-induced hypersesitivity belongs to the specificity immunity category. Generally the hypersesitivity is divided into 4 types, including type I which is usually called anaphylaxis, type Ⅱ which is ealled cytolytic type or cytotoxic type hypersensitivity, type Ⅲ （Immune complex hypersensitivity） also called the immunity complex disease, and type IV which is also called delayed hypersensitivity. The laboratory examination methods for hypersensitivity include （1） Non-specific anti-body examination, （2） Related eytokine examination, （3） Specific drug resistant antibody examination, （4） The drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test （DLST） or lymphocyte transformation test （LTT）, （5） Specific cytoplasmic cell examination, （6） Specific T lym- phocytes examination, （7） Allergic related gene examination and so on. Hope we make full use of the research out- comes of modern science and technology, begin systematic, fundamental and clinical application of the multicenter study in anti-tuberculosis drug hypersensitivity. We hope in the near future to form a new laboratory gold standard in the diagnosis of drug-induced hypersesitivity.

关 键 词：抗结核药 药物过敏 临床实验室技术 药物毒性 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]