阿维菌素对池塘水质和浮游生物群落结构的短期影响  

Short-term Effects of Abamectin on Water Quality and Community Structure of Plankton in Freshwater Aquaculture Ponds

作　　者：董加沙 何绪刚[1,2] 邓闵 游鑫[1] 刘全圣 覃雅[1] 陈荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉湖北430070 [2]淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心,武汉湖北430070

出　　处：《水产科学》2015年第9期546-554,共9页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201203083);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(nycytx-46)

摘　　要：在湖北省公安县崇湖渔场3口面积均为0.268hm2的主养草鱼池塘中,施用剂量0.0375mL/m3的阿维菌素后,于第2、3、4、5、6d采样,测定池塘水质及浮游生物群落结构的短期变化。研究结果表明,阿维菌素可使池塘水体硝态氮水平显著下降,亚硝态氮、铵态氮和总氮水平显著上升;而对总磷、可溶性磷酸盐和pH值的影响不显著。施用阿维菌素前共镜检出浮游植物6门80种,浮游动物32属41种;用药后共检出浮游植物7门94种,浮游动物38属48种。其中,原生动物消失10种、新增9种,轮虫消失5种、新增10种,桡足类新出现3种成体。绿藻消失9种、新增10种,硅藻消失1种、新增8种,裸藻消失2种、新增7种,甲藻和金藻各新增1种。施用阿维菌素后,浮游动植物优势种显著变化,小型浮游植物种类增多。阿维菌素导致原生动物和枝角类的密度和生物量显著下降,桡足类数量显著上升,而对轮虫密度和生物量影响不大;同时裸藻、蓝藻、甲藻等部分浮游植物密度和生物量剧烈波动;使用阿维菌素的池塘易发生裸藻水华,应慎用阿维菌素。The short-term effects of abamectin （0. 0375 mL/m^3） on plankton community structure and water quality parameters were evaluated in three ponds with grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） as dominant species in Chonghu Lake （Gong＇ an, Hubei）. The nitrate level was decreased significantly, whereas nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased significantly. There were no significant differences in levels of phosphorus, and soluble phosphate and in pH value. The microscopic examination showed 6 phyla with 80 species of phytoplankton, 32 genera with 41 species of zooplankton before abamectin administration, and 7 phyla with 94 species of phytoplankton, 38 genera with 48 species of zooplankton after abamectin administration. Among them, 10 species of protozoa, 5 species rotifers, 9 species Chlorophyta, 1 species Bacillariophyta and 2 species Euglenophyta were only found before the application of abameetin~ 9 species protozoa, 10 species rotifers, 3 species adult copepods, 10 species Chlorophyta, 8 species Bacillariophyta, 7 species Euglenophyta, 1 species Pyrrophyta and 1 kind of Chrysophyte were only found after the application of abamectin. The dominant species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were changed significantly, and miniaturization species increased after the abamectin administration. The density and biomass of protozoa and cladocera were decreased significantly, the number of copepods increased significantly, whereas the density and biomass of rotifers did not change much. Abamectin might result in drastic fluctuations in the density and biomass of phytoplankton such as Euglenophyta, Cyanobacteria and Pyrrophyta. The application of abamectin in pond might easily lead to euglena blooms. The findings suggested that abamectin should be used with caution.

关 键 词：阿维菌素 池塘 水质 浮游动物 浮游植物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]