轧机颤振建模及理论研究进展  

Review of Modelling and Theoretical Studies on Chatter in the Rolling Mills

作　　者：郜志英[1] 臧勇[1] 曾令强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2015年第16期87-105,112,共20页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50905014;51175035);北京高校青年英才计划(YETP0367);中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-BR-14-006A)资助项目

摘　　要：轧机颤振是由系统结构动力学与轧制过程动力学相互耦合导致的一种自激振动,对轧机颤振的研究除了需要合理有效的结构模型,还有赖于对轧制过程的精确表征。现有的轧机结构模型除了考虑三倍频、五倍频及扭振三种基本振动形式和多方向多模态的耦合问题,还有通过张力模型和时滞传递模型耦联而建立的多机架连轧模型。此外,多种非线性因素和非对称特征对轧机颤振的影响也越来越受到重视。Slab分析方法是轧制过程建模最重要和广泛的方法,包括不同变形条件下屈服准则的建立、摩擦模型的确定以及应力分布的计算。基于Slab分析法建立的轧制过程模型包括稳态轧制模型、考虑辊缝波动量的准静态模型以及同时考虑辊缝波动及其波动速度的动态轧制模型。将动态轧制力作为反馈激励源,作用于相应的轧机结构模型,从而可以构建轧制过程与系统结构相耦合的颤振动力学模型,研究系统的稳定性及失稳准则。Studies on chatter, as the consequence of the interaction between the structural dynamics of the mills and the dynamics of the rolling process, depend on appropriate structural models, as well as on accurate description of rolling process. Existing models of a mill structure are summarized, including three typical vibration models（the third-octave-mode, the fifth-octave-mode or the torsional vibrations） and modal coupling problems, and continuous rolling description in multi-stand tandem mill by incorporating the models of tension and delay transfer into the adjacent stands. Furthermore, various nonlinear factors and asymmetrical characteristics are getting more and more attentions and involved in the structural models. The general Slab analysis method for modeling the rolling process is introduced, in which the yield criterions of both homogenous and inhomogeneous deformation, different friction models and stress distribution calculation are presented. Using the Slab analysis method, steady state rolling models, quasi-static rolling models with variation in the gap spacing taken into account, and the dynamic rolling models with both variation and change rate of the gap spacing involved. When the dynamic rolling forces are applied as feedback excitation on the mill structure models, the chatter models can be constructed for investigating the stability and instability criterion.

关 键 词：颤振 轧机结构 轧制过程 动态辊缝 动态轧制力 

分 类 号：TG331[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工] TH113[机械工程—机械设计及理论]