考古材料所见之汉墓动物随葬  

The Animal Buried in the Tombs of the Han Dynasty Showed from the Archaeological Materials

作　　者：邓惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室

出　　处：《南方文物》2015年第3期58-69,共12页Cultural Relics in Southern China

摘　　要：本文按照帝后陵、王侯墓、一般贵族与平民墓以及少数民族政权地区墓葬四大类别,分别对两汉时期的墓葬及陪葬坑内用作随葬、殉葬的动物进行探讨,试图总结汉墓动物随葬存在的一些规律性现象。整理发现,在时间框架下,随葬动物选择可大致概括为在表现形式方面从"实"到"虚"以及在精神内涵方面从"虚"到"实"的两个转变;地域差异方面,除帝后陵和王侯墓可以相对摆脱地域条件的限制之外,其他墓葬所出动物则与当地环境密切相关;最后社会等级上,不同阶层在动物牺牲利用方面存在显著差异。总体而言,两汉时期在不断世俗化的社会风气主导下,汉墓动物随葬也体现出日益浓厚的生活气息。此外本文除了探讨汉墓动物随葬的一些规律性特征,也在一定程度上增进了对汉代动物利用方式的直观了解。Based on observation of the burial animals unearthed in four different types of tombs and accessory pits in the Han Dynasty,this paper aims to seek the unity under the chaos of animal burial phenomena. It is found that,under the time frame, the choice of the burial animals changes from reality to dummy in form and from dummy to reality in spiritual context. Under the space flame, most of the tombs except those of emperor and seigneur can not escape from the limit of the region and therefore,the animals found in these tombs are closely related to the local environment. As for the social scale, the choice shows a signifieant difference between different classes. Overall,the burial animals in Han tombs reflect an increasingly secular form, which is in accordance with the general social tendency of that time. Besides, this paper also prnmoles the understanding of the utilization pattern of animals in the Han Dynasly.

关 键 词：汉墓 随葬动物 世俗化 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]