中美急诊道路交通伤患者流行病学研究  

Epidemiological Investigation of Emergent Patients With Traffic Injury in China and America

作　　者：涂建锋[1] 张可[1] 周晟昂[1] 陈环[1] 蔡文伟[1] PaulKo Susan Wojcik Sabine Khan William D. Grant 杨悦[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省人民医院急诊医学科浙江省急救指挥中心,浙江省杭州市310014 [2]美国纽约州立大学上州医科大学 [3]浙江医学高等专科学校

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2015年第26期3223-3226,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：浙江省科技厅项目(2013C37022);浙江省医药卫生优秀青年科技人才专项基金项目(2010QNA004)

摘　　要：目的阐明中美两国综合性医院急诊医学科道路交通伤患者的异同点,为两国在道路交通伤临床、教学和科研方面的进一步合作提供新思路。方法选取2013年11—12月中国浙江省人民医院急诊医学科和2013年7—9月美国纽约州立大学上州医科大学急诊医学科两家单位的道路交通伤患者作为调查对象。双方合作设计《MVC Survey Questionare》(中英文版),供两家单位开展问卷调查。调查方法为标准流行病学抽样调查。调查内容包括患者到达急诊医学科的方式、交通工具、损伤类型、影像学检查情况、会诊情况、转归等。结果共发放问卷425份,回收合格问卷399份,有效率为93.9%,其中中国有效问卷155份,美国244份。到达急诊医学科的方式:美国道路交通伤患者救护车使用率高于中国,自备车使用率低于中国(P<0.05)。交通工具:美国自行车、电动车、行人交通事故发生率低于中国,汽车交通事故发生率高于中国(P<0.05)。损伤类型:美国患者颅脑、皮肤软组织损伤发生率低于中国,胸部损伤、骨折发生率高于中国(P<0.05)。影像学检查:美国患者X线、CT检查率均高于中国(P<0.05)。两国住院率、病死率、救治成功出院率、入住ICU比例、急诊手术率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与美国相比,中国较少选择救护车转运道路交通伤患者。中国有更多类型的机动车涉及道路交通伤事故,中国道路交通伤患者中骑电动车、摩托车和行人的比例较高,这在一定程度上导致了中国颅脑损伤的比例远高于美国。另外,中国患者影像学检查率明显低于美国。上述差异为未来双方在道路交通伤临床、教学和科研方面开展进一步合作提供了新思路。Objective To identify the similarities and differences in patients with traffic injury received by the department of emergency medicine of general hospitals between China and America,in order to provide new thoughts for the further cooperation between the two countries in the clinical practice,education and research of traffic injury. Methods We enrolled patients with traffic injury received by the Department of Emergency medicine of the People′s Hospital of Zhengjiang Province from November to December,2013 and the Department of Emergency medicine of Upstate medical University of State University of New York from July to September,2013. mⅤC Survey Questionnaire（ Chinese and English versions） was jointly designed by the two hospitals for the use of investigation. The standard epidemiology sampling method was employed. The survey content included the method of delivering patients to hospital,transportation means,injury type,imaging examination rate, consultation with doctors, outcomes, etc. Results A total of 425 questionnaires were distributed, and 399 effective questionnaires were returned with an effective rate of 93. 9%,among which 155 were from China and 244 were from America. For the method of delivering patients to hospital,the rates of American patients who were delivered to hospital by ambulance was＆amp;nbsp;higher（P〈0. 05）than that of Chinese patients,and the rates of American patients who were delivered to hospital by self-provided automobiles was lower （ P 〈0. 05 ） than that of Chinese patients. For the transportation means, the incidence of American patients injured on bicycles,electric bicycles and while walking was lower（P〈0. 05）than that of Chinese patients, and the incidence of American patients injured in automobiles was higher（P〈0. 05）than that of Chinese patients. For injury type,the incidence of injury in brain and skin soft tissue of American patients was higher （ P 〈0. 05 ） than that of Chinese patients,and the incidence of chest injury and bone fractu

关 键 词：急救医疗服务 事故 交通 流行病学 问卷调查 

分 类 号：R128[医药卫生—环境卫生学]