不同交通方式的道路利用效率测度方法  

Measuring Roadway Utilization Efficiency for Different Travel Modes

作　　者：蒋芃[1] 贾晓峰[1] 柏章明[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市公用事业设计研究所,天津300100

出　　处：《城市交通》2015年第4期70-74,69,共6页Urban Transport of China

基　　金：天津市建设与交通委员会项目"交通测度技术及其在公交运营管理中的应用"(2012-软28)

摘　　要：道路交通拥堵问题的根本原因之一是交通量与道路面积之间的矛盾,而如何从微观角度定量测度不同交通方式的道路利用效率,尚没有成熟、公认的方法。围绕不同道路交通方式的客运周转量与运输过程占用的道路面积之间的关系,提出一种定量分析不同交通方式道路利用效率的测度方法。该方法反映了不同交通方式的载客量、运输距离、运输速度、运输过程的占路面积和占路时间等要素对道路交通的影响和作用机理。基于天津市区GPS车辆行驶数据,以小汽车、"步行+公交"出行方式为例,具体阐述该测度方法的应用。结果显示,完成同样运输量,小汽车道路占用面积是公共汽车的7倍。One of the fundamental causes of traffic congestion is the imbalance between traffic demand and roadway space. However, there still lacks feasible and well-recognized methodology for measuring roadway utilization efficiency of different travel modes. Grounded on the relationship between passenger kilometers and their corresponding roadway space occupancy for different travel modes, this paper propos-es a method to quantitatively measure roadway utilization efficiency of different travel modes. The pro-posed method captures the impacts of various factors, including passenger capacity, travel distance, travel speed, space and time occupancy of roadway on roadway traffic and their interaction mechanisms. Taking“car” and “walking ＋ public transit” modes as examples, the paper elaborates the application of the proposed methodology using vehicular GPS data of Tianjin urban area. Results show that private cars occu-py 7 times of road space as that by buses to achieve the same passenger volume.

关 键 词：道路交通 道路利用效率 测度方法 客运交通 路谱曲线 交通拥堵 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]