关系性契约与中美信任维持  

Relational Contract and Trust Maintenance Between Sino-U.S.Interactions

作　　者：曹德军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院2014级,北京100871

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第9期82-103,158-159,共22页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：随着权力转移进程加快,中美战略互信逐渐成为学界关注的重要议题。作为一个动态的平衡过程,中美信任的衰退、流失将引发战略互信赤字,致使中美关系背负沉重的代价。在相互依赖的时代背景下,两国如何在信任与不信之间维持均衡?当双边信任恶化时可以依靠哪些约束性机制维持和修复双边信任?作者在梳理既有研究文献的基础上提炼出"关系型信任"的概念,从规制性、规范性和关系性三种维度理解复杂的信任内涵。双边信任作为一束关系,源于"礼尚往来"的互惠实践,信任维持的因果逻辑则以"关系性契约"为核心。关系契约的效力是内生的、过程性的,不依赖外在力量。一旦双方处于互惠关系中,为了维持长远利益,中美在危机面前宁愿克制对短期利益的追求,避免苛刻的交易影响双边关系大局,为彼此留下应对与回旋的空间。中关之间的正式保障制度是外化了的"关系",心照不宣的心理默契则是内化了的"关系"。理性契约、心理契约与关系契约三重约束互为一体,对动态的中美信任进行有效管理,这无疑对构建中美新型大国关系具有重要的启示意义。With the historical process of global power transition,Sino-U.S.strategic mutual trust has become a hot topic with lots of academic arguments.Between trust and distrust,Sino-U.S.strategic trust makes a dynamic process,and the decline of strategic mutual trust will lead to a heavy burden on bilateral relations.What are the constraints about maintaining and repairing bilateral trust when Sino-U.S.strategic trust breaks down? With reviewing the literatures,this paper puts forward the concept of 'Relational Trust',from the dimensions of regulative,normative and relational meaning.Essentially,bilateral trust as a bundle of relations roots in constandy beneficial reciprocity practice,and so the causal logic of trust maintenance roots in 'Relational Contract'.The power of relational contract is endogenous,processed,and is not dependent on external forces.Once the two sides are locked in a lasting beneficial relationship,in order to maintain long-term interests,China and the United States always try to maintain the overall situation of bilateral relations rather than pursuing the shortterm interests in the face of the crisis,which will leave room for each other to address hard problems.In summary,relational contract is the core rule of trust maintenance,which will be internalized as formal institutional agreements and externalized as the implicit psychological contracts.These three kinds of trust contracts can integrate with each other,and undoubtedly make important bases for Sino-U.S. 'new type of major power relations'.

关 键 词：中美关系 关系契约 信任维持 互惠规则 新型大国关系 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]