百叶箱和通风防辐射罩气温观测系统的数据对比与订正  

A Comparative and Modification Study of Louvred and Aspirated Shield Temperature Systems

作　　者：严家德[1,2,3] 王成刚[2] 金莲姬[2] 王巍巍[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室,南京210044 [3]中国气象局气象综合观测培训实习基地(南京),南京210044

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2015年第5期533-543,共11页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目NSFC41505136;NSFC40905004;公益性行业(气象)科研专项GYHY201106049

摘　　要：气温是常规地面气象观测的基本要素,其观测方法和误差直接关系到对大气过程的理解和预报精度。开展不同气温观测系统间的对比和分析,保证观测数据的准确性和可比较性,对大气科学以及天气气候的预测、预报研究具有重要意义。本文利用2009年9月至2010年8月的对比实验数据,分析了百叶箱气温观测系统和通风防辐射罩气温观测系统的数据差异,讨论了系统误差与环境温度以及辐射误差与太阳辐射和环境风速之间的关系,给出了相应的订正方法,最后对订正效果进行了检验。结果表明：与通风防辐射罩的气温数据相比,百叶箱的气温数据偏高,其中夜间平均偏高0.19°C,白天平均偏高0.29°C;系统误差是环境温度的一元线性函数,气温每升高1°C,系统误差就会增加0.006°C左右;辐射误差是太阳辐射与环境风速互相耦合作用的结果：太阳辐射有较强的增温效应,与辐射误差呈现近似的抛物线函数关系;环境风速有较好的冷却效应,与辐射误差呈现出近似的负指数函数关系;经误差订正后,夜间和白天的数据误差均减小到了0.0°C,-0.2-0.2°C的样本比例分别从订正前的64.5%和45.3%提高到了83.7%和80.6%,一致率提高到了92.3%和96.0%。Air temperature is a basic element of conventional surface meteorological observations, and its method of observation and data errors are directly related to our understanding of atmospheric processes and forecast accuracy. Carrying out comparative analyses of different temperature observing systems and ensuring the accuracy and comparability of the observed data is important for the study of atmospheric science and the forecasting of weather and climate. Based on a side-by-side field comparison of a natural ventilation Louvred screen Temperature System （LTS） and an Aspirated shield Temperature System （ATS）, from September 2009 to August 2010, the differences between the data obtained from them were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between the system biases and temperature, and the relationship between the radiation biases and solar radiation and wind speed, were discussed. Subsequently, a model to modify the system biases and radiation biases was proposed and, finally, the effects examined. The results showed that the LTS possessed warm biases of 0.19℃ and 0.29℃ at nighttime and during daytime, respectively; and the ambient-temperature-dependent systematic biases were a linear function of temperature, which increased by about 0.006℃ when temperature increased by 1 -C. The ambient-solar-radiation- and ambient-wind-speed-dependent radiation biases were the result of the mutual coupling effect between solar radiation and environmental wind speed. With the warming effect, solar radiation was a good approximate parabolic function of the radiation biases; and with the cooling effect, the wind speed was a good approximate negative exponential function of the biases. After modification, both the biases at night and during the day dropped to 0.0℃. The consistency rate increased up to 92.3% and 96.0%, and the samples whose biases were between -0.2℃ and 0.2℃ increased from 64.5% and 45.3% to 83.7% and 80.6% at night and during the day, respectively.

关 键 词：百叶箱 通风防辐射罩 气温 对比 订正 

分 类 号：P413[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]