濒危孑遗蕨类植物云贵水韭的胚胎发育  

The Embryonic Development Study on Isoetes yunguiensis,an Endangered and Relict Pteridophyta

作　　者：姜紫薇[1] 刘保东[1] 成晓[2] 李晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学黑龙江省普通高等学校植物生物学重点实验室,哈尔滨150025 [2]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650201

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2015年第5期531-536,共6页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170294)

摘　　要：云贵水韭(Isoetes yunguiensis)是云贵高原特产的孑遗蕨类植物,是研究云贵地区古生态和植物演化的活化石,是国家一级保护物种,生殖过程及其濒危原因尚未查明。本文在实现人工繁殖、获得足量研究材料的条件下,用常规半薄切片法,连续观察了云贵水韭胚胎发育的全过程。其结果表明:(1)合子没有休眠期;(2)合子分裂面与颈卵器长轴呈约30°夹角;(3)首先发育出第一叶原基和第一根原基,且前者早于后者;(4)叶舌原始细胞在叶片发育初期就开始了细胞分裂;(5)颈卵器开口端细胞常出现坏死溃败现象并直接影响胚胎发育;(6)容易出现畸形胚胎;(7)片状结构发育迅速,对第二叶原基和第三叶原基有很好的保护作用;(8)早期维管分化顺序等。探讨了云贵水韭胚胎阶段的生殖生物学规律及其生殖濒危机制,分析了原始维管植物营养器官演化的溯祖形态,为云贵水韭的有效保护积累了技术资料。Isoetes yunguiensis is a specialty relict fern of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, which is a national level protec- ted species called living fossil of the study on paleoecology and plant evolutionary in Yunnan and Guizhou area, but its reproduction and endangered mechanism is unclear. On the basis of implementation of artificial breeding and ac- quisition of adequate research materials, the authors observe the embryonic development of I. yunguiensis using thin sectioning. The main results of observation of the embryonic development are as follows ： （ 1 ） The zygote doesn＇ t have the period of dormancy; （2） The angle between the division planes of zygote and the long axis of archegonium is a- bout 30~ ; （3） The first leaf primordium and the first root primordium develop first. However, the first leaf primordi- um develop earlier than the first root primordium; （4） The initial cells of ligule begin to divide since the initial stage of the development of leaf; （5） The cells of the open-end of archegonium often appear necrosis and affect the embry- onic development; （6） The embryo malformation is easy to happen; （7） The sheet structure develop fast, and it provide good protect for the second and third leaf primordium ; （8） The order of early vascular development. The ar- ticle explore the reproductive biology regular and reproductive endangered mechanism of I. yunguiensis. The coales- cent form of the original evolution of vegetative organs of vascular plants is analyzed. This article also accumulate technical data for protection of I. yunguiensis.

关 键 词：云贵水韭 胚胎发育 器官起源 濒危 

分 类 号：Q944.4[生物学—植物学]