环渤海地区雾特征及其影响因子分析  

Characteristics of fog and its influence factors around the Bohai coastal areas

作　　者：陈东辉[1,2,3] 尚可政[1] 赵中军[4] 王式功[1] 冯强[3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室 [2]中国人民解放军93123部队 [3]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 [4]中国人民解放军92493部队中心气象台

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2015年第4期74-81,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：中国科协IRDR CHINA灾害风险综合研究项目(IRDR2012-I01);中国科学院与发展中国家科学院(CAS-TWAS)空间减灾卓越中心(SDIM)国际合作研究项目(常规类)(SDIM-Y3YI2701KB);公益性(气象)行业专项项目(GYHY201106034);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41105109);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2013-m03)共同资助

摘　　要：利用环渤海地区地面和高空气象观测资料,分析了环渤海地区雾的时空分布特征,根据各季节雾出现次数的空间分布特征不同,运用天气学基本原理和天气学分析方法,研究环渤海地区春夏季和秋冬季雾出现的天气形势及影响因子。结果表明:环渤海地区雾出现次数的年际变化呈小幅波动且略减少的趋势;雾出现次数月际变化呈双峰型,冬季和夏季为雾的高发季节;山东半岛和辽东半岛雾出现的次数最多,河北省南部和辽宁省中部地区雾出现的次数多于其他内陆地区。环渤海地区雾发生时高空环流形势可分为4种类型,分别为低槽型、高压脊型、平直西风型和副热带高压边缘型;而地面天气形势类型较复杂,主要包括均压场型、高压前部型、锋面气旋型、弱高压型、东高西低型、地形槽型和西南倒槽型等7种。环渤海雾发生时近地面逆温温差(T925-T)维持在2.5℃左右,温度露点差(T-Td)全部小于3.0℃,地面风速以微风为主(1—3 m·s-1),风速较大时也有雾出现,但风速不超过8 m·s-1。通过对环渤海地区雾出现时高低空天气形势进行分型并结合气象要素变化进行分析的方法,为环渤海地区雾的分析和预报提供参考。Based on the ground and upper observation data around the Bohai coastal areas, temporal and spatial distribution of fog was analyzed. According to the spatial difference of frequency of fog in different seasons, weather situation and impacting factors in a fog day during spring and summer and during autumn and winter have been studied carefully in terms of synoptic basic principles and synoptic meteorology analysis methods. The results show that the number of annual fog events in this region has generally a fluctuation and in a slightly decreasing trend. The curve of monthly fog events is a bimodal characteristic. The fog often occurs in winter and summer. The frequency of fog events is the largest in Shandong peninsula and Liaodong peninsula, and it is higher in the southern Hebei province and central Liaoning province than in any other inland areas. Upper atmospheric circulation patterns can be divided into four types when fog occurs around the Bohai coastal areas, i. e. low pressure trough pattern, high pressure ridge pattern, straight west wind pattern and subtropical high edge pattern. Comparatively, surface synoptic situation is much more complicated when fog occurs, and it includes seven types, i. e. uniform pressure field pattern, front of high pressure pattern, frontal cyclone pattern, weak high pressure pattern, high in the east and low in the west pattern, orographic trough pattern and southwest inverted trough pattern. Temperature inversion difference （T925-T） stays around 2.5 ℃ ; depression of the dew point （ T-Td ） is below 3 ℃ ; average ground wind speed is given priority to the breeze （ 1-3 m·s^-1）. Of course, fog may occur when wind speed is larger, but no more than 8 m·s^-1. According to division of synoptic situation at upper and lower levels when fog occurs and the analysis methods of meteorological elements,it can provide references with fog forecast around the Bohai coastal areas.

关 键 词：高空环流形势 地面天气形势 气象要素 

分 类 号：P426.41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]