寒地粳型超级稻群体构建及其超高产特征研究  

Study on Population Construction and Its Super- high Yield Characteristics of Japonica Super Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：陈书强[1,2] 杨丽敏[2] 赵海新[2] 杜晓东[2] 周通[2] 薛菁芳[1,2] 潘国君[2] 王秋玉[3] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学博士后科研流动站黑龙江省农业科学院博士后科研工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026 [3]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第4期1399-1407,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"粮食丰产科技工程"项目(2011BAD16B11-02YJ01;2012BAD04B01-02);黑龙江省科技攻关重大项目(GA13B101);黑龙江省政府博士后经费资助(LBHZ10038);黑龙江省农业科学院杰出青年基金项目(2014)

摘　　要：以超级粳稻品种龙粳21为材料,对超高产群体进行构建研究,并探讨高产群体形成机制。结果表明,产量与株距和行距呈显著负相关关系,与每穴苗数相关性不显著,对产量的影响程度表现为株距>行距>苗数。超级粳稻品种龙粳21最优群体插植规格是行距24 cm×株距12 cm,每穴5株基本苗,产量达到10 473.0 kg·hm-2,高产原因主要是群体颖花量增多(45 000×104个·hm-2以上)。超高产群体在生育前期群体茎蘖稳步增长,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期(6月25日)达适宜穗数,高峰苗出现在拔节期(7月6日),数量少(为预期穗数的1.2倍),抽穗期成穗率高(>85%)。超高产群体在拔节—抽穗期干物质积累量大,抽穗期叶面积指数高、群体质量优(高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶(cm2)、单茎茎鞘重均高),在抽穗—成熟期光合能力强(叶面积衰减率小,光合势、群体生长率和净同化率均高)、干物质积累量高(占生物学总量的40.0%以上)、群体库容的总充实量大(充实度达97.5%,总充实量达10 500 kg·hm2以上)、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调(实粒/叶、粒重/叶均高)。Super-high yield populations were constructed using super rice varieties longjing 21 as material to explore the mechanism of high yield population. The results showed that the yield was significantly negatively correlated with plant spacing and row spacing,but not with basic seedling number per hill. The yield was mainly affected by plant spacing,and less affected by basic seedling number per hill. Here was the best recommended population transplanting spacing specifications for super rice varieties Longjing 21 × 24 cm for row spacing,12 cm for plant spacing,5 basic seedlings per hill,and the expected yield is 10 473. 0 kg / hm2. The main reason resulting in higher yield was that the higher number of total spikelets increased（ 45 000 × 104hm2 or more） in the population. Super-high yield population exhibited fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved excepted number of stems and tillers at critical leaf-age（ June 25） for productive tillers,whose max number of stems and tillers was at jointing stage（ July 6） and was about 1. 2 times of excepted number. At last,ratio of productive tillers to total tillers of super-high yield population was more than 85 % at heading stage. At middle stage（ from jointing to heading）,accumulation of dry matter,LAI in heading,rate of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf,spikelets of population and spikelets per square centimeter leaf area,culm sheath weight per stem of super-high yield population were significantly higher than other yield populations. At late stage（ from heading to maturity）,leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield population was significantly less than that of other yield populations.At late stage（ from heading to maturity）,leaf area duration,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,biomass and grain-leaf ratio（ filled grains per square centimeter leaf area,grain weight per square centimeter leaf area） were significantly higher than these of other yield populations. Output and translocation of dry matter（ weight per stem

关 键 词：寒地 粳型超级稻 群体构建 超高产特征 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]