超级铝热剂反应特性研究  

Reaction Properties of Super Thermites

作　　者：郑保辉[1] 王平胜[1] 罗观[1] 卢校军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《含能材料》2015年第10期1004-1009,共6页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院科学技术发展基金(2012B0302038);国防基础科研计划重大专项(C1520110001)

摘　　要：以Fe2O3、CuO、Fe3O4、MoO3为氧化剂,分别以50 nm和5μm的铝颗粒为还原剂,超声复合制备了12种不同组成的铝热剂。采用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了铝热剂的结构和形貌,发现纳米铝颗粒与Mo O3的相互分散效果最佳。用差示扫描量热分析和激光点火试验研究了氧化剂种类、颗粒粒径对铝热剂反应活性的影响。结果表明,反应活性次序均为Al/MoO3〉Al/Fe2O3〉Al/CuO〉Al/Fe3O4。相对于微米铝颗粒,纳米铝颗粒可以使超级铝热剂的临界反应温度降低200~400℃,而相对于微米级金属氧化物,纳米粒径的金属氧化物仅能使铝热剂临界反应温度降低10~30℃。表明铝颗粒粒度是铝热剂反应活性的决定因素,氧化剂的超细化对于铝热剂的反应活性改善仅能起到辅助作用;当铝颗粒粒径在同一量级时,铝热剂的反应活性主要取决于氧化剂种类。With Fe2O3、CuO、Fe3O4、MoO3 as oxidants,50 nm or 5μm aluminum particle as reducer,twelve thermites were prepared by mixing them under ultrasonic shock. Structure and morphology of the thermites were studied by scanning electron microscope（ SEM）. The effects of oxidizer agent species and particle size of the materials on the reaction activity of thermites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry（ DSC） and laser ignition. Results show that the dispersion of nanometer aluminum particle in MoO3 is the best. The reaction order from high to low is Al / MoO3Al / Fe2O3Al / CuOAl / Fe3O4. When using nanometer aluminum particle,the critical reaction temperature of super thermites decreases 200-400 ℃,lower than that of micrometer aluminum particle. The critical reaction temperature decreases only 10-30 ℃ using nanometer oxidants,lower than that using corresponding micrometer materials. All the results indicate that particle size of aluminum particle is the key factor effecting the reaction activity of thermites,and ultra-refinement of oxidizer is only supplementary for the reaction activity of thermites. When the aluminum particle size locates on the same order,the reaction activity of thermites mainly depend on the species of oxidants.

关 键 词：超级铝热剂 粒径 激光 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]