禾本科小麦族五个类群的核型分析  

Analysis on Karyotypes of Five Taxa in Triticeae of Poaceae

作　　者：张同林[1] 熊国勇[1] 章逸[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌师范学院生物系,南昌330000

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2015年第15期3600-3603,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ10639)

摘　　要：选取小麦族下披碱草属、鹅观草属和赖草属的5个类群进行核型分析。结果表明,老芒麦核型公式为2n=4x=28=24 m(2SAT)+4 sm;纤毛鹅观草核型公式为2n=4x=28=22 m+6 sm(2SAT);毛盘鹅观草核型公式为2n=4x=28=20 m+8 sm;西藏鹅观草核型公式为2n=4x=28=26 m+2 sm;赖草核型公式为2n=4x=28=22 m(2SAT)+6 sm;同时,根据Stebbins的核型进化理论,对核型的4个重要性状加以分析,揭示了5个类群的相对进化程度;结合3属的外部形态,从而阐明了3属的系统发育关系,即赖草属进化程度最低,鹅观草属最高级,而披碱草属的演化水平居中。Five taxa of Triticeae were chosen and their karyotypes lows, Elymus sibiricus, 2n=4x=28=24 m （2SAT）＋4 sm; Roegneria were studied. The karyotypes of these taxa were as fol- ciliaris, 2n=4x=28=22 m＋6 sm （2SAT）; Roegneria barbi- calla, 2n=4x=28=20 m＋8 sm; Roegneria tibetica, 2n=4x=28=26 m＋2 sin; Leymus secalinus,2n=4x=28=22 m （2SAT） ＋6 sm. Furthermore, according to Stebbins＇ theory of karyotypic evolution, four significant characteristics and the evolutional levels of five taxa were also confirmed. The results indicated that L. secalinus was the most primitive among the five taxa, R. ciliaris was the most advanced, while the indexes of the others were between L. secalinus and R. ciliaris. By the morphological characteristics, E. sibiricus is one taxon of genus Elymus, R. ciliaris, R. barbicalla and R. tibetica belonging to genus Roegneria, while L. secalinus attributed to genus Leymus. So the phylogenetic relationships among three general were also confirmed, The genus Leymus was the most primitive, genus Roegneria was the most evolutive, while genus Elymus lied be- tween the two general.

关 键 词：披碱草属 鹅观草属 赖草属 核型 系统发育关系 

分 类 号：Q949.714.2[生物学—植物学] Q343.22