环境污染、经济增长与医疗卫生服务对公共健康的影响分析——基于中国省际面板数据的研究  

The Influence of Environmental Pollution,Economic Growth and Healthcare Services to Public Health Based on China's Provincial Panel Data

作　　者：曲卫华[1,2] 颜志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学管理与经济学院,北京100081 [2]太原学院,山西太原030032

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2015年第7期166-176,共11页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-11-0792);国家自然科学基金资助项目(71272057;70972006)

摘　　要：环境污染与经济增长对居民的公共健康水平有重要影响,但基于面板数据对此问题分区域的研究较少。本文在Grossman健康生产函数的基础上加入环境污染等多重因素,使用中国30个省市区1997年到2010年的面板数据,建立个体固定效应模型,将我国划分为东部、中部和西部三个区域,实证分析了环境污染、经济增长与医疗卫生服务对不同区域居民公共健康的影响及其差异。研究发现:环境污染、经济增长、医疗卫生服务与居民公共健康存在长期均衡的协整关系,经济增长与全国、东部和中部的公共健康关系呈现倒U型的特征;具体而言:东部区域,曲线已达到拐点,中部区域,当人均GDP为3311元时,曲线达到拐点;全国以及东、中、西部区域,工业烟尘排放量与人口死亡率呈正向关关系,工业二氧化硫排放量与人口死亡率只在中部地区显著正相关;全国、东部和中部区域人均医生数与人口死亡率呈显著负相关,西部地区未呈现这一特性;人均医疗保健支出与人口死亡率在中部地区显著负相关,医疗卫生服务可有效减少环境污染对居民的健康威胁。因此,制定差别化的环境污染、经济增长与医疗服务政策等有利于提升全国以及东中西部居民的公共健康水平。Environmental pollution and economic growth have great impacts on public health, but the dy- namic relationship analysis among them based on different areas ~ panel data is missing in existing litera- tures. Based on Grossman＇s health production function, environmental pollution factors are added to study the effects of environmental pollution, economic growth and healthcare service on public health. Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from year 1997 to 2010, the entity fixed effects model is established and the difference among east area, middle area and west area in China is analyzed. The results show that there is a long equilibrium cointegration relationship between environmental pollution, economic growth, health- care services and public health, and an inverted U curve is presented between economic growth and public health in the east, middle and overall China significantly. Specifically the curve has met its knee point in the east, and will meet its knee point if per GDP is 3311 Yuan in the middle. Industrial soot emissions has significant positive effect on human mortality in each areas of China, but industrial so2 emissions only has significant effect on human mortality in the middle area. At the same time, correlation between the doctor per person and human mortality is significantly negative, while it does not occur in the west area. And healthcare services spending per capita is significantly negative on human mortality in the middle area. The medical services can effectively reduce health threats to the public. Therefore, formulating differential pol- icies of environmental pollution, economic growth and healthcare services and so on are beneficial to im- prove the level of public health of overall China, eastern region and midwest.

关 键 词：环境污染 经济增长 医疗卫生 公共健康 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] F062.2