不同氮素形态对烟草硝态氮含量和TSNA形成的影响  

Effect of different nitrogen forms on nitrate nitrogen content and TSNAs formation in tobacco

作　　者：孙榅淑 杨军杰[1] 周骏[2] 许东亚[1] 杨惠娟[1] 白若石[2] 马雁军[2] 张广东[1] 史宏志[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]上海烟草集团北京卷烟厂,北京100024

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2015年第4期78-84,共7页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局减害重大专项项目:110201301022(JH-03)

摘　　要：于2013年设置盆栽试验研究不同硝态氮和铵态氮比例对白肋烟和烤烟硝态氮含量、常规化学成分及高温贮藏过程TSNA形成的影响。结果表明:1白肋烟施用硝态氮肥比例越高,烟叶的硝态氮含量越高,高温贮藏后4种TSNA含量和TSNA总量也越高,晾制过程中硝态氮含量显著增加。在45℃条件下贮藏15 d后的白肋烟四种TSNA含量及其总量大幅高于低温贮藏烟叶,且TSNAs的增加量均随硝态氮比例的增加而增加。2烤烟成熟过程和调制过程硝态氮含量则呈降低趋势,调制后各处理烟叶含有较低的硝态氮含量,烤烟烟叶硝态氮含量以及高温贮藏前后TSNA含量与施用硝态氮比例无明显相关性,其中中部叶施硝态氮肥和铵态氮肥各50%处理TSNA总量最低,上部叶施100%硝态氮肥处理TSNA总量最低。3随着铵态氮比例的增加,白肋烟烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量显著增加,烤烟化学成分变化缺乏规律性,但以施硝态氮肥和铵态氮肥各50%处理烟叶的糖分含量较高,整体化学成分协调性较好。A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different ratio of nitrate-N to ammonium-N on nitrate nitrogen contents,chemical composition and TSNA formation during high temperature storage.Results showed that nitrate nitrogen contents of burley tobacco increased with the increment of the ratio of nitrate-N to ammonium-N.Contents of 4 types of TSNA and total contents of TSNAs after curing also significantly increased with the increase of the ratio of nitrate-N to ammonium-N.In the process of air-curing,nitrate nitrogen contents significantly increased.After 45℃ storage for 15 d,the contents of 4 types of TSNAs and total contents of TSNAs were all significantly higher than that stored at low temperature.The net increase of TSNA contents also increased with the ratio of nitrate-N to ammonium-N.In the process of maturing and curing of flue-cured tobacco,nitrate nitrogen contents decreased.Flue-cured tobacco leaves contained low contents of nitrate nitrogen after curing.Nitrate nitrogen contents and TSNA contents before and after high temperature storage in flue-cured tobacco had no relationship with the ratio of nitrate-N to ammonium-N,while the TSNA level was the lowest under the treatment with the nitrate-N to ammonium-N ratio of 50 to 50 for middle leaves and under the treatment of 100% nitrate-N for upper leaves.With the increase of ammonium-N to nitrate-N ratio,the contents of nicotine,total nitrogen and protein of burley tobacco increased significantly.Chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco showed no relationship with nitrogen source,but the flue-cured leaves under treatment of NO3^--N to NH4^＋-N ratio of 50：50 had the highest sugar content and well-balanced chemical composition.

关 键 词：烟草 氮素形态 硝酸盐 TSNAS 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]