方言季节类时间词语的共时分布与历时考察  

The Synchronic Usage and Diachronic Analysis of Words Denoting Season in Chinese Dialect

作　　者：何亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学文学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《西华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第5期18-23,共6页Journal of Xihua University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：2011年教育部人文社科项目(项目编号:11YJA740027);"中央专项配套资金青年人才培训与研究支持计划"资助

摘　　要："春、秋、夏、热、冬、腊"分布最为广泛,是汉语古老而基本的时位语素。北京-冀鲁-兰银官话、中原-西南-江淮官话表示四季的语素各自相同,这与它们的形成历史、移民状况密切相关。"暑、寒、冷、凊"可能是古代南方汉语的区域性时位语素。在今方言格局形成之前,季节类词语中"天"对"日"的替换已经完成。今方言中"时位语素+方所成分"一类词语肇始于六朝,随着方所成分不断发展而丰富。'Chun','Qiu','Xia','Re','Dong'and'La'are the most widely used basic chroneme morphemes in ancient Chinese. Morphemes to denote four seasons in Beijing-Jilu-Lanyin mandarin or Zhongyuan-Southwestern-Jianghuai mandarin are the same,which is related closely to their own history and migration status. 'Shu','Han','Leng 'and 'Qing 'are probably the regional chroneme morphemes of ancient southern dialect. The seasonal word Tian has replaced Ri before today's dialect structure took shape. Among todays ' dialects,words in the form of 'chroneme morpheme plus component of direction-location ' date back to Northern and Southern Dynasties,and it becomes more and more abundant with the development of the component of direction-location.

关 键 词：方言 季节 时位成分 共时分布 历时发展 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]