全球河流入海沙量估算述评  

Review of estimation of global fluvial sediment discharge to oceans

作　　者：刘成 何耘[2] 陈建国 史红玲 

机构地区：[1]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2015年第5期47-51,190,共6页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项(2014DFG72010);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(沙集1230)

摘　　要：全球河流入海沙量作为地球系统运行变化的重要而敏感的指标,在一定程度上会对全球社会、经济和环境问题产生重要影响,从而引起国内外研究者的高度关注.针对由于缺乏可靠、完整的河流输沙量数据,很难准确估算全球河流入海沙量的数值及其变化,且已有文献估算值差别很大,缺乏统-认识的问题,收集整理了20 世纪50 年代至今国内外27 篇文献中全球河流入海沙量的估算值,并对近期相关典型研究成果进行述评.调查发现,早期估算的入海沙量数值差异很大,随着人们对这一问题的深入研究,近年来全球入海沙量估算值日趋合理,大多集中在120 亿-200 亿t/ a.分析认为,人类活动影响前后的河流入海沙量宜分别按190 亿t/ a 和130 亿t/ a 考虑.The amount of global fluvial sediment discharge to the oceans is an important and sensitive indicator, reflecting changes in the operation of the Earth, and has a significant influence on global socio-economic and environmental problems. Global river-to-ocean sediment flux has attracted the attention of many scholars around the world. Due to the lack of reliable and complete fluvial sediment load data, it is difficult to estimate the amount and variation of global fluvial sediment discharge to the oceans. There are large differences and inconsistencies between the values estimated by previous studies. In this paper, typical results obtained from 27 recently published papers in regards to the estimations of the global fluvial sediment discharge to the oceans are reviewed. The investigation shows that there have been large differences between estimates of the amount of global fluvial sediment discharge to the oceans in the early stages of such research, but, with increasingly in-depth examination, the estimated results in recent years have tended to be reasonable, with the amount mostly ranging from 12 to 20 billion tons per year. It is concluded that the amount of fluvial sediment discharge to the oceans before and after human activities can be considered 19 billion tons per year and 13 billion tons per year, respectively.

关 键 词：河流入海沙量 输沙量 流域 水库 人类活动 综述 

分 类 号：TV148[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]