突发雾霾事件应急预案的合法性危机与治理  

The Legitimate Crisis and Governance of the Haze Emergency Plan

作　　者：熊晓青[1] 张忠民[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学文法学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第9期160-167,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"生态文明与能源法创新研究"(编号:13CFX100)

摘　　要：为了准确把握突发雾霾事件的应急处置情况,本文选择突发雾霾事件应急预案作为具体研究对象,主要采用比较分析和规范分析的研究方法,通过剖析其发展规律、现实状况、存在问题等诸多因素,描述了其所遭受的双重合法性危机,进而有针对性的提出了治理方案。本文认为,突发雾霾事件属突发公共事件的一种,当前对其的应对虽然已"有法可依"但却没有取得应有之效果;从考察突发事件应急预案的发展规律入手,可以发现其经历了一个从特殊到一般再到具体的过程,反映在立法上,是从个别或少数法律条款开始,逐步发展至专门立法的制定,继而产生一个专门性应急立法和总体预案与若干典型的具体预案相结合的体系;因此,对于当前出现的突发雾霾事件应急预案,也应当在应急预案的框架中,从"大预案"的角度理性看待;当下之应急预案,形式上统一化、相对单一,内容上同质化、被动应对,于是产生了合法性的危机,包括法律属性不明的形式合法性危机与内容编排不甚科学的实质合法性危机。本文建议,破解这种危机,一方面须规范其形式合法性,将其定性为法规或规章;另一方面须提高其实质合法性,确保其成为多方合意认可的行动方案。总之,要变单一应对为综合治理,重构突发雾霾事件应急预案。In order to grasp the situation of the current response to the haze emergency, this paper takes the haze emergency plan as the object of study, adopts comparative analysis and normative analysis, describes its legitimate crisis and proposes the perfecting suggestions by analyzing the plan＇s evolution rules, current situation, problems and so on. This paper deems that the haze emergency belongs to one of the public emergencies and the present responses are not effective although there are laws to abide by;the emergency plan undergoes a process from being special to being general then to being concrete through the investigation of its evolution rules, which reflects in the legislation that starting with several legal clauses and developing the specific legislation and afterwards producing a system combined with the specific emergency legislation and an overall plan integrated with dozens of typical concrete plans;therefore, the current haze emergency plan should be considered rationally in the scope of＂Whole Plan＂ under the framework of emergency plan;in terms of the present plans, they are relatively sole and uniformed in form as well as passively responded and homogenous in content, which causes the legitimate crisis including the formal legitimate crisis such as unclear legal nature and the substantial legitimate crisis such as unscientific content arrangement. This paper suggests that solving such crisis needs to define its formal legitimate and formulate them as laws or regulations, as well as to enhance its substantial legitimate and ensure them as action plan based on the multiple parties＇ consensuses. In a word, the haze emergency plan should be reconstructed to highlight the comprehensive governance from the sole response.

关 键 词：突发雾霾事件 应急预案 合法性危机 治理 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]