基于三轴加速度传感器的路面坡度测量仪  

Portable slope measuring instrument based on three axis accelerometer

作　　者：王会峰[1,2] 柴彩萍[3] 汪贵平[1,2] 王晓艳[1,2] 赵雪丹[1,2] 胡敏芳[1,2] 曹静[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学电子与控制工程学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学陕西省道路交通智能检测与装备工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710064 [3]陕西交通职业技术学院公路工程系,陕西西安710082

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第5期7-12,共6页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61265006);陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(工业攻关计划)(2013K09-17);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2013G1321046);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(12JK0806)

摘　　要：为了实现施工中路面坡度的快速便携式检测,提出了一种基于加速度传感器的便携式坡度快速检测仪方案,该方案利用安装在测试设备上的高精度三轴加速度传感器,分别测量x、y、z这3个方向上的加速度值,在只受重力的静态条件下,利用重力矢量在加速度三轴的矢量投影建立数学模型,解算出坡度倾角测量解算模型,并进一步探究了基于加速度传感器技术的重力模型解析,对相关的误差分析、传感器失调及传感器灵敏度进行了简要分析,并基于以上原理设计了以CortexTM-M3的ARM为核心的坡度便携式检测仪硬件系统,给出了设计中相关硬件框图及数据核心处理算法。研究结果表明:该系统测角精度优于30′,检测时间不大于0.3s,并且可以进行数据的自动存储和人机交互,能够满足工程实际中对高速公路与城市道路横坡、挡土墙坡度等几何参数进行高精度、自动化检测的需求。In order to detect the slope portably and rapidly in road construction, a new kind of portable measuring instrument scheme was designed based on three-axis accelerometer. The acceleration magnitudes at x, y, or z direction were measured respectively by use of the high precise three-axis acceleration sensor which was mounted on the test equipment. Under the static condition only with gravity, the mathematical model was established to derive angle of slope by using the vector projection of gravity vectors in the three acceleration coordinate axis. Furthermore, the gravity analytical model based on the acceleration sensor technique was explored, and the measurement error, sensor maladjustment and sensitivity were also analyzed briefly. Based on the theory presented above, the hardware system of portable gradient detector was designed, in which an ARM （advance RISC machine） of Cortex r^-M3 was taken as the core. The hardware block diagrams in this design and the core data processing arithmetic were also presented. The results show that the precision of measurement angle in this system is superior to 30＇ and the detection time is less than 0.3 s. In addition, the instrument can store data automatically and realize man-machine interaction. The instrument designed based on the method presented in this paper can meet the requirements of high-precision and automated detection of geometric parameters in engineering practice, such as the gradient of cross slope and retaining wall of expressway and urban road. 1 tab, 7 figs, 16 refs.

关 键 词：道路工程 坡度测量 加速度 误差 矢量 投影 

分 类 号：U416.216[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]