高通量测序技术在转座子研究中的应用  

The application of the high throughput sequencing technology in the transposable elements

作　　者：刘振[1] 徐建红[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院作物科学研究所浙江省作物种质资源重点实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《遗传》2015年第9期885-898,共14页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31171165);中央高校自主科研计划(编号:2014QNA6019)资助

摘　　要：高通量测序技术极大地提高了测序效率,大幅度降低了测序成本,同时该技术具有特异性好、灵敏度高、精确性高等优势,目前已被广泛应用于遗传变异、转录组学和表观组学等研究。近年来,高通量测序技术也逐渐应用于转座子的研究,并取得了丰硕的成果。本文主要综述了高通量测序技术在转座子研究中的应用,包括转座子含量估算、靶点偏好性及分布、多态性及群体频率、稀有转座子的鉴定、转座子的水平转移以及转座子标签技术中的应用等,并简要介绍了目前研究中采用的主要测序策略和算法,及其存在的利弊和相应的解决方案。最后对高通量测序技术,尤其是第三代测序技术的发展趋势和它们在转座子未来的研究中的应用进行了展望,以期为相关的科研人员提供一个全面的了解和参考。High throughput sequencing technology has dramatically improved the efficiency of DNA sequencing, and decreased the costs to a great extent. Meanwhile, this technology usually has advantages of better specificity, higher sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, it has been applied to the research on genetic variations, transcriptomics and epigenomics. Recently, this technology has been widely employed in the studies of transposable elements and has achieved fruitful results. In this review, we summarize the application of high throughput sequencing technology in the fields of transposable elements, including the estimation of transposon content, preference of target sites and dis- tribution, insertion polymorphism and population frequency, identification of rare copies, transposon horizontal transfers as well as transposon tagging. We also briefly introduce the major common sequencing strategies and algo- rithms, their advantages and disadvantages, and the corresponding solutions. Finally, we envision the developing trends of high throughput sequencing technology, especially the third generation sequencing technology, and its ap- plication in transposon studies in the future, hopefully providing a comprehensive understanding and reference for related scientific researchers.

关 键 词：高通量测序 转座子 偏好性 多态性 水平转移 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]