放牧干扰下高原鼢鼠栖息地选择因素  

The Habitat Selection of Plateau Zokor(Myospalax baileyi) under Grazing Disturbance

作　　者：刘丽[1] 花立民[1] 杨思维[1] 周建伟[1] 王巧玲[1] 王贵珍[1] 楚彬[1] 周延山[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院甘肃农业大学-新西兰梅西大学草地生物多样性研究中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第5期725-734,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31460635);甘肃省国际科技合作项目(No.2013GS06893)

摘　　要：以祁连山东段高寒草甸栖息的高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)为研究对象,探讨放牧干扰下高原鼢鼠适合栖息地选择的影响因素,为合理控制草原鼠害和保护生物多样性提供科学依据。在5个不同放牧强度小区中,连续3年监测高原鼢鼠相对种群密度变化,同时获取植被和土壤的变化数据。分析高原鼢鼠相对种群密度、植被(盖度、高度、频度、植被生物量、植被均匀度、丰富度、多样性和地下根系生物量)和土壤(紧实度、容重、水分)之间的关系。中度放牧干扰下,高原鼢鼠相对种群密度最低,不利于对栖息地的选择,轻度、次轻度放牧区的高原鼢鼠相对种群密度高于重度、次重度放牧区的;轻度放牧干扰的草地有利于高原鼢鼠种群数量的增加。高原鼢鼠相对种群密度与土壤紧实度、容重呈显著负相关(R=﹣0.921、﹣0.883,P<0.05);与土壤水分呈显著正相关(R=0.879,P<0.05);高原鼢鼠相对种群密度与地下根系生物量呈极显著正相关(R=0.982,P<0.01),与植被丰富度呈显著正相关(R=0.921,P<0.05),与地上植被总盖度呈显著正相关(R=0.909,P<0.05),与地上生物量、均匀度、多样性呈不显著正相关(P>0.05)。在草地放牧干扰系统中,非生物因素土壤紧实度、水分可能是高原鼢鼠栖息地选择的首要选择因素,食物资源也许是次要选择因素。The paper studied the influence factors of habitat selection by the plateau zokor （Myospalax baileyi） in alpine meadow in eastern Qilian Mountain under five grazing intensity with consideration of providing a scientific basis for control grassland pest reasonably and protecting biodiversity. The relative population density indicated by the number of mounds per unit area （Table l）, vegetation and soil change were monitored for three consecutive years in the the area grazed heavily （ I ）, secondary heavily （Ⅱ）, moderate heavily （Ⅲ）, light heavily （Ⅳ）, and most light heavily （V） with the aim to analyze the relationship between the population density of plateau zokor with the characteristics of vegetation （coverage, height, frequency, aboveground biomass and plant roots＇ biomass） and soil （tightness, bulk density and water content）. The plateau zokor density was lowest in the area grazed moderate heavily, while the population density in the area grazed most light and light was higher than that in the area grazed heavily and secondary heavily （Fig. 1）. Between the population density and soil characteristics, plateau zokor was negatively related with soil tightness and capacity （R = - 0.921, R = - 0.883, P 〈 0.05）, positively related with soil water content （R = 0.879, P 〈 0.05） （Fig. 3）; the population density was significant positively relationship to plant roots＇ biomass （R = 0.982, P 〈 0,01）, to the vegetation diversity （r=0.921, P 〈 0.05）, to the total vegetation coverage （R= 0.909, P 〈 0.05） （Fig. 2）. No any significant relationship was found between the population density of plateau zokor to the above ground biomass, vegetation evenness and diversity （P 〉 0.05） （Fig. 2）. In the grazing system, the soil compaction may be the key factor that influence the habitat selection of the plateau zokor and the food would be a secondary factor in the grassland grazing systems.

关 键 词：高原鼢鼠 放牧干扰 植被性状 土壤特性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]