大■对不同数量布氏田鼠越冬洞群的选择偏好  

The Preference Bias of Upland Buzzard(Buteo hemilasius) on the Group Size of Over-wintering Colonies of Brandt′s Vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii)

作　　者：贾举杰[1] 李锋[1] 倪亦非 林峻 徐云虎 贺兵 王玉梅 赵景瑞 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区治蝗灭鼠指挥部办公室,乌鲁木齐830004 [3]内蒙古锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗草原工作站,镶黄旗013200 [4]内蒙古太仆寺旗气象局,太仆寺旗027000 [5]内蒙古太仆寺旗土壤肥料工作站,太仆寺旗027000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第5期795-800,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：中国科学院战略生物资源科技支撑体系运行专项(野生)动物实验平台运行补助经费项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(No.201203041)

摘　　要：2004年10月2～7日在内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗额和宝力格苏木鼠害草场采用鼠洞口数量作为布氏田鼠（Lasiopodomys brandtii）秋季集群大小的指标，分析了大鸳（Buteo hemilasius）对不同大小布氏田鼠集群的捕食选择偏好。统计了实验样地内可以观察到的大萑蹲守布氏田鼠洞群鼠洞口数量，以及样地内大鹭没有蹲守的布氏田鼠洞群的鼠洞口数量。运用非参数Mann—WhitneyU检验进行分析，大鹭没有蹲守的布氏田鼠洞群的洞口数量秩和统计量为1753．5，而大鸳蹲守的布氏田鼠洞群的洞口数量总秩和为1406．5，统计量u值为213．5，校正之后的z值为-4．76426，这表明，两组差异达到极显著水平（P=0．000002），大驾蹲守次数（B）与田鼠洞群洞口数量（Ⅳ）呈显著的正相关关系，相关式为B=-0．7332＋0．04436N（r=0．59265，P〈0．05）。结果表明，大骛优先选择集群数量高的布氏田鼠集群，该结果可以解释布氏田鼠在秋季出现的分群行为。由于捕食风险的存在，布氏田鼠借助秋季的分群行为以降低冬季集群大小和被捕食风险，从而避免成为捕食性天敌首要攻击的目标，该结果从捕食风险角度支持了鼠类最优集群理论。Group sizes of Brandt＇s vole （Lasiopodomys brandtii） overwintering colonies could affect colonies＇ predation risks. Using the number of Brandt＇s vole colony as an indicator of family group size, we studied how group sizes of Brandt＇s voles affect the predation preference of upland buzzard （Buteo hemilasius） in Xilinguole typical steppe, Inner Mongolia, from October 2 to 7, 2004. We recorded the different colonies of Brandt＇s voles within sampling area. All colonies are dived into two groups by whether they were visited by upland buzzard or not. But we don＇t distinguish the upland buzzard visiting times on the Brandt＇s vole. Then the Mann-Whitney U of nonparametfic was used to analyze the data. The results show that the rank sum of the groups without upland buzzard＇s visiting is 1 753.5, while which of the groups that have been visited by upland buzzard is 1 406.5 （U value = 213.5, Adjusted Z Value = - 4.764 26）. This suggests that the differences between the two groups is significant （P = 0.000 002）. The correlation between times of upland buzzard visited （B） and group size of the Brandt＇s vole （N） were as follow： B = - 0.733 2 ＋ 0.044 36 N （r = 0.592 65, P 〈 0.05）.The result shows that upland buzzards significantly prefers to high number of group sizes of vole＇s colonies. This finding indicates that the colonies with larger size result into a higher predator risk, which explains why Brandt＇s vole dispersal happened during fall, In order to avoid predation risk Brandt＇s vole colonies choose to reduce their group sizes through dispersal. Such result also supports the optimum group size theory of small mammals.

关 键 词：布氏田鼠 大■ 捕食风险 集群数量 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]