初始绿化植物生活型构成对边坡植被群落特征及水土保持性能的影响  

Effects of pioneer species' life form on community characteristics of slope vegetation and soil and water conservation performance

作　　者：潘声旺[1] 袁馨[2] 胡明成[1] 何茂萍[1] 吴云霄[3] 

机构地区：[1]成都大学城乡建设学院,四川成都610106 [2]解放军后勤工程学院国防建筑与环境工程系,重庆西川401131 [3]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第9期217-224,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300439)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨生态护坡过程中初始绿化植物(先锋植物)生活型差异对边坡植被群落特征、水土保持性能的影响。【方法】借助物种组装实验,分别构建以草本、灌木、乔木为主体的草本型、灌木型、乔木型绿化配置模式及草-灌-乔混合型配置模式的试验小区,对各个小区进行持续4年(2010-2013年)的生态监测,分析边坡植被的生长状态、群落特征及水土保持性能。【结果】2010-2013年,同龄群落间的物种丰富度表现为乔木型>灌木型>草-灌-乔混合型>草本型。先锋植物生活型构成对边坡植被的群落特征影响很大,年际间差异明显:建坪初期(2010-2011年),不同观测区内的群落盖度、物种多样性水平(Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数)均表现为草本型>草-灌-乔混合型>灌木型>乔木型;2012-2013年,群落盖度、物种多样性水平表现为混合型>草本型>草-灌-乔混合型>乔木型。2010和2011年汛期,草本型配置径流系数和侵蚀模数均较低,表现出较好的水土保持性能;而2012和2013年汛期,草-灌-乔混合型配置径流系数和侵蚀模数较低,表现出较好的水土保持性能。边坡植被的群落特征与其水土保持性能密切相关:群落盖度或多样性水平越高,则径流系数、侵蚀模数越小。【结论】生态护坡过程中,先锋种生活型的合理配置是改善边坡植被水土保持性能的重要途径之一。[Objective] This study evaluated the influences of pioneer species＇ life form on community characteristics of slope vegetation and soil and water conservation performance. [Method] Based on species combination experiment,herb （HHXi） ,shrub （SSXi） ,arbor （AAXi） ,and herb-shrub-arbor mixed （HSA） communities with the dominant species of herbs, arbors, shrubs, and combination of herbs, arbors, and shrubs were constructed, respectively. The vegetation growth status, community characteristics, and soil and water conservation performance were analyzed from 2010 to 2013. [Result] Richness of plant species a- mong the communities at same age was in a decreasing order of AAX〉SSX〉HAS〉HHX〉 from 2010 to 2013. Pioneer species＇ life form heavily affected the community characteristics with significant annualdifferences. From 2010 to 2011,community and plant species diversity （Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index） were in the decreasing order of HHX~~HSA^SSX~~AAX~, while the order was HSA〉 HHX〉 SSXi〉AAXi from 2012 to 2013. Runoff coefficient and erosion modulus in herb plots were the lowest in flood seasons of 2010 and 2011, indicating good water and soil conservation performance. From 2012 to 2013, HSA had good soil and water conservation function with the lowest runoff coefficient and erosion modulus. Community characteristics of vegetation closely related to soil and water conservation perform- ance. The higher the diversity or coverage is, the smaller the runoff coefficient and erosion modulus would be. [Conclusion] Pioneer species＇ life form in slope could play an important role in improving soil and wa- ter conservation performance.

关 键 词：先锋植物 生活型 群落特征 水土保持 生态护坡 

分 类 号：S731.8[农业科学—林学]