影响语后聋成年患者心理健康的相关因素分析  

The analysis of correlative factors on mental health of post-linguistic hearing loss adults

作　　者：亓贝尔[1,2,3] 李晓芳[2,3,4] 高文斌[2,3] 刘博[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学),北京100005 [2]中国科学院心理研究所 [3]中国科学院大学 [4]北京春光语言培训学校

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2015年第18期1598-1602,共5页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(No:81200753);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No:81371103);北京市科技新星项目(No:Z151110000315064);北京市自然科学基金预探索项目(No:7123210)

摘　　要：目的:探讨影响成人语后聋患者心理健康的相关因素。方法:随机选取52例重度到极重度语后聋成年患者接受测试,采用自陈测试的评估方法,使用自行编制的基本信息调查表获得本组受试者的社会学数据;使用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和交流恐惧自陈量表获得本组受试者的心理学数据,探讨影响语后聋成年患者心理健康的相关因素。结果:1心理评估结果显示:语后聋成年患者普遍存在"焦虑、抑郁和交流恐惧"的心理症状,本组受试者中存在焦虑症状者24例(46.15%)、抑郁症状者18例(34.61%)、交流恐惧体验者45例(86.54%)。2影响语后聋成年患者心理健康相关因素的结果显示:性别、病程、伴随症状、教育水平、家庭支持均可对耳聋者的心理健康状态产生影响;其中男性患者(优势比为2.246);伴随耳鸣症状患者(优势比为0.536)、病程较短患者(优势比为1.397,1.530)更易出现心理问题;文化水平较高患者(优势比为0.323)、缺乏家庭支持患者(优势比为1.724)更易出现心理问题。结论:成人语后聋患者的心理健康水平远远低于普遍水平,并受到性别、耳聋持续时间、耳鸣、文化程度、家庭支持等诸多因素的影响。听力障碍对耳聋者身心健康造成的负面影响不容忽视,关心和维护耳聋群体的心理健康,减少或避免心理危机的发生和发展具有一定的现实意义。Objective：To evaluate the mental health level of the post-linguistic deafen adult, to analyze factors affecting the mental health level. Method：Fifty-two adult patients with severe to extremely severe post--linguistic hearing loss were randomly selected to participate the study. A self-reporting questionnaire drew up by researchers was used to collect sociological data of the participants. The self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, self-rating depression scale （SDS） and personal report of communication apprehension （PRCA-24） were used to measure the mental health degree of 52 post-linguistic hearing loss adults. To analyze related factors affecting the mental health in post-linguistic deafen adult. Result：（1）Majority of post linguistic deafen adult have mental symptoms, including 24 subjects （46.15 % ） with anxiety feeling, 18 subjects （34.61 % ） with depression feeling and 45 subjects （86.54 % ） with communication apprehension. （2）Gander, with/without tinnitus, duration of hearing loss, education back- ground and family support had significant correlation with the mental health level of subjects. Higher incident rate of mental symptoms were found in male （OR=2. 246）, with tinnitus （OR=0. 536）, short duration （OR= 1. 397, 1. 530）, high education background （OR=0. 323） and poor family support （OR= 1. 724）. Conclusion： The mental health of the post-linguistic deafen adult was worse than that of the normal people, pathological feature and socio- logical factors were significantly correlated to the psychological evaluation. It is very important to pay attention on mental health and to give effective counseling of hearing loss people.

关 键 词：耳聋 成人 心理健康 影响因素 

分 类 号：R764.43[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]