核桃花芽形态分化研究进展  

Research Progress of Walnut Flower Bud Morphological Differentiation

作　　者：李平 杨凤 熊远新 李元振 刘湘林[5] 

机构地区：[1]长阳土家族自治县白沙驿林科所,湖北长阳443500 [2]远安县森林病虫害防治检疫站,湖北远安444200 [3]宜昌市夷陵区林业技术推广站,湖北宜昌443100 [4]长阳土家族自治县林业规划调查设计院,湖北长阳443500 [5]湖北三峡职业技术学院,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第27期25-26,60,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宜昌市科学技术研究与开发项目(A13-210)

摘　　要：雌花芽形态分化起源芽内雏梢,于6月中旬至7月上旬（中短枝停长后4～10周）开始至次年开花,整个发育过程约需10个月,从芽的外部形态变化可直观地判断雌花芽分化时期;通过栽培措施调节使分化提前,增加芽内雏梢节数,提高雌花芽质量.雄花芽形态分化源于先年母芽雏梢分化期之后在叶腋出现的侧芽原基,4月上旬至翌年4月中旬性细胞形成历时约1年左右;雄花芽分化和开花散粉对树体养分消耗过大,影响雌花芽分化和果实发育,可采用疏雄、秋季施采果肥、春施速效肥等栽培措施减少影响.雌先型品种的雌花芽分化较雄先型品种开始分化早,在各个时期的分化上雌先型品种始终领先于雄先型品种,而雄先型品种在雄花芽分化的各个时期上领先于雌先型品种.Female flower bud morphological differentiation originated within the young shoot buds. Bloom at mid-June to early July （4-10 weeks long after the spur stop） to the next year, the whole development process takes about ten months, we can visually determine the female flower bud period from the external morphology changes of bud; Regulating the differentiation of buds early and increasing the number of young shoot festival through the cultivation measures, it can improve the quality of female flower buds. Male flower bud morphological differentiation began in daughters first young shoot bud differentiation stage after appearing in axillary bud primordia, cell formation lasted about one year from early April to mid-April next year; Male flower bud and flowering shedding consume too much nutrient of the tree, affect female flower bud and fruit develop- ment, we can use measures such as Shu-hung, fruit picking applied fertilizer in fall and fertilizer facilities available in spring and so on to reduce the impact of cultivation. Female first female flower bud varieties differentiation is early than the first male species began. Differentiation in vari- ous periods of the first female varieties are always ahead of the first male species, and hung variety male flower bud in each period ahead of the first female variety.

关 键 词：核桃花芽 形态分化 雌花芽 雄花芽 雌雄异熟 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]