松花江干流六种水源涵养林林冠层降水分配  

Songhua River Six Water Conservation Forest Canopy Rainfall Distribution

作　　者：胡天然[1,2] 王树力[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第27期154-157,160,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省普通高校重点实验室项目(KJKF-12-10)

摘　　要：以森林水文学为理论基础,从森林涵养水源的角度运用生态定位研究方法,选择松花江干流方正县高楞林业局为观测地点,以当地具有代表性的红松人工林、水曲柳山杨林、水曲柳落叶松林、糠椴次生林、蒙古栎次生林和胡桃楸混交林为研究对象,并以就近的空旷地降雨作为对照,对不同森林类型的林冠层截水性能、林内穿透雨量、树干径流等水文特性进行了定量研究。研究结果表明:各森林类型的林内雨透流率都小于50.0%,说明50.0%以上的降雨被林冠层截留。其中胡桃楸混交林和水曲柳山杨林的透流率较高,分别达到44.2%和40.0%;其次是水曲柳落叶松林和糠椴次生林,透流率分别为37.2%和34.1%;红松人工林和蒙古栎次生林的透流率较低,分别为27.9%和24.7%。林内降雨量(P')和大气降雨量(P)呈现显著的直线正相关。树干径流量(G)和大气降雨量(P)之间也呈直线正相关。Based on the theory of forestry hydrology, with the point of view of forest water conservation, the located research method was adopted. The observation points were established in Gaoleng Forestry Bureau of Fangzheng County which was the trunk stream of Songhua River. The function of water resource conservation which included the crown canopy precipitation interception, water-holding capacity of litter lay- er, physical chemistry properties of soil layer and water holding capacity were studied quantificationally in different forest types. As compared with clear terra, the local typical forests of Pinus koraiensis plantation, Populus davidiana Dode and Fraxinus mandshurica, Larix gmelini and Fraxin~ mandshurica, Tilia mandshuricarupr seconday forest, Quercus mongollca seconday forest and Juglans mandshurica mixed forest were conducted in the permanent sample plots. The results indicated that the throughfall of all the forest types were less than 50.00% and more than half rainfall were intercepted by the canopy layer. The throughfaU of P, davidiana Dode and F. mandshurica and J. mandshurica mixed forest were the maximal and reached 44.2% and 40.0% , in the next place, the throughfall of L. gmelini and F. mandshurica and T. mandshurica- rupr seconday forest was 37.2% and 34. 1%, the throughfall of P. koraiensis plantation and Q. mongolica seconday forest was 27.9% and 24.7%. The relations between rainfall（P＇） inside forest and the ether rainfall（P） is the marked plus corraletive. Trunk runoff （G） has linear positive correlation with atmospheric precipitation （P）.

关 键 词：松花江 森林类型 水源涵养林 水文特征 

分 类 号：S727.21[农业科学—林木遗传育种]