麦克仑南论一妻多夫制  

Mr.J.F.McLennan's Study of Polyandry

作　　者：毛雪彦 张亚辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2015年第4期8-16,95-97,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"马克斯.韦伯的宗教理论与蒙藏佛教社会的人类学研究"(项目编号:15BSH094)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：古典进化论学派学者麦克伦南(John·Fergus·Mc Lennan)曾在其著作《原始婚姻》中对一妻多夫这种婚姻家庭形态进行了论述。麦克仑南对一妻多夫的基本看法是,这种婚姻家庭形态并不是一种例外和反常形态,而认为一妻多夫是人类社会发展的一个重要和普遍阶段。麦克仑南的这个论点是基于他对人类早期社会基本图景的推论和分析。本文试图在说明麦克伦南关于人类早期社会与婚姻发展脉络的基础上,来讨论一妻多夫制在其中的序列与价值。John F.McLennan is well known for introducing the terms of “exogamy” and “en-dogamy” in Primitive Marriage：An Inquiry into the Origins of the Form of Capture in Marriage Ceremo-nies（1865） .In this book, McLennan hypothesized that polyandry had prevailed around the world, and broadly described and contrasted characteristics of different kinds of polyandry.He believed that pol-yandry occupied a significant place in the history of marriage.As a member of the school of classical evolutionism, McLennan＇s study of polyandry re-ceives little attention today, and few of his books or papers have been translated into Chinese.Since the nineteenth century, anthropologists have strug-gled to make some hypotheses regarding the causes of polyandry, but they have been far from reaching an agreement.Up to now, some areas of the Hima-layas still permit polyandrous unions.Both anthro-pologists and Tibetologists still have a substantial interest in explaining the origins of this rare form of marriage and to do this, it might be instructive to revive McLennan＇s Study.This paper mainly focu-ses on McLennan ＇s book Primitive Marriage and his paper Levirate And Polyandry （ produced in 1877） to explore McLennan＇s study of polyandry.

关 键 词：麦克仑南 《原始婚姻》 一妻多夫 

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