冲击电压标准波源的研制  

Study on Impulse Voltage Calibrator

作　　者：刘少波[1] 龙兆芝[1] 鲁非[2] 李文婷[1] 刘高佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院计量研究所,武汉430074 [2]国网湖北省电力公司电力科学研究院,武汉430077

出　　处：《高压电器》2015年第9期140-145,共6页High Voltage Apparatus

摘　　要：IEC标准规定使用高精度的冲击电压标准波源校准数字记录仪,为了能够校准冲击电阻分压器和数字记录仪组成的完整测量系统,文中介绍了可产生IEC 60060-1—2001中规定的雷电全波的冲击电压标准波源的原理、设计和结构。冲击电压标准波源为小型的MAX发生器,其电压峰值Up、波前时间T1、波尾时间T2都可以根据脉冲形成回路的元器件参数计算得到。该标准波源的输出电压波形峰值为80~1 000 V,理论计算时间参数（0.791/58.22）μs。采用PTB校准过的14Bit数字记录仪测量低阻抗标准的输出波形,电压峰值Up实际测量结果与设置值的偏差在0~0.8‰之间;波前时间T1的偏差-2‰--3‰之间;半峰值时间T2的偏差为-1‰~0.8‰之间,峰值参数满足±1‰的允许误差要求,时间参数均满足±1%的最大允许误差要求,连续重复20次,最大标准偏差为2.5×10-4,一年内各电压点的峰值长期稳定性在0.3‰内。该标准波源可作为冲击电压溯源过程中校准数字记录仪的主标准,校准电阻值为3.25 kΩ的冲击电阻分压器,校准分压比为93.42,结果与分压器频率响应试验结果一致,时间参数与MATLAB程序计算结果吻合,表明该低阻抗冲击电压标准波源也可校准电阻分压器。According to the requirements of IEC standard, the high accuracy impulse voltage calibrator is used to calibrating the digital recorder. In order to calibrate the complete measuring system composed of impulse resistance divider and digital recorder, the principle, design and construction of a pulse voltage calibrator for generating the lightning impulse according to IEC 60060-1--2001 is introduced. The calibrator is a small MAX generator. And the peak value of voltage Up, front time T1, and time to half value T2 of the generated impulse are calculated from the calibrated values of the components in the impulse-forming circuit. The peak voltage output of the calibrator is from 80 V to 1 000 V, and the theoretical time parameter is （0.791/58.22）μs. The deviations of the calibrated digital recorder are from 0 to 0.8%o for the peak value of voltage, from -2%0 to 3%0 for the front time T1, and from -1‰to 0.8‰ for the time to half value T2, satisfying the accuracy requirements of±1% for the peak value of impulse voltage and less than ±1% for the time parameters. Repeating 20 measurements, the max standard deviation is 2.5×10-4. In whole year, the deviation of the peak value of voltage keeps less than 0.3‰. The calibrator can be used as the primary reference of impulse voltages for calibration of high voltage. An impulse resistance divider with a resistance of 3.25 kΩ is calibrated by the calibrator, and a dividing ratio of 93.42 is obtained, which agrees with the result of frequency response test, and the time parameters also coincide with the theoretical calculation value via MATLAB. It is concluded that the low impedance calibrator can also be applied to calibration of impulse resistance divider.

关 键 词：冲击电压 溯源 不确定度 稳定性 带载能力 

分 类 号：TM933.2[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]