PVFM渗水器规格对其负压渗水性能的影响  

Effect of PVFM Seepage Cup Specifications on the Seepage Capacity under Negative Pressure

作　　者：丛萍[1] 龙怀玉[1] 岳现录[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第9期7-14,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2013AA102901)

摘　　要：为促进负压灌溉技术的发展,比较了5种不同物理规格聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)渗水器的负压渗水性能,并从中选择最优者与陶瓷头进行不同负压下单位面积累积入渗量、土壤含水率、湿润峰运移状况的比较。结果表明,空心PVFM渗水器的负压渗水性能优于实心,实心PVFM渗水器的累积入渗量与其长度负相关。15cm×3cm(长度×外径)空心PVFM渗水器的负压渗水性能优于陶瓷头,不同负压下,其相同时间内单位面积累积入渗量均高于陶瓷头,土壤水分运移也要快,且能控制比陶瓷头更大的土壤水分空间。在低吸力阶段15cm×3cm空心PVFM渗水器所确定的土壤水吸力随土壤含水率的变化关系与陶瓷头几乎一致,可以代替陶瓷头进行土壤水分特征曲线的测定。在适宜常见作物生长的-10^-5kPa范围内,15cm×3cm空心PVFM渗水器比陶瓷头更易满足作物对水分的需求。In order to promote the negative pressure irrigation technology,the seepage capacity of 5Poly vinyl formal（PVFM）cups with different physically specifications were tested under 0kPa and-5kPa pressures.Then the best one was further compared with ceramic cup in cumulative infiltration,soil water content,wetting front transportation under 0kPa,-5kPa,-10 kPa,-20 kPa pressures.The results showed that negative pressure seepage capacity of hollow PVFM was better than the solid.Increasing the length of solid PVFM had a negative influence on the cumulative infiltration.Negative pressure seepage capacity of 15cm×3cm hollow PVFM was more excellent than that of Ceramic cup.Under various negative pressures,the cumulative infiltration per unit area of hollow PVFM cup was higher,and soil water transported much faster at the same time.A broader soil moisture space could be controlled by hollow PVFM cup than by Ceramic cup.The moisture characteristic curve determined with PVFM cup was similar to Ceramic head.Therefore,hollow PVFM could be used to determine soil water characteristic curve.15cm×3cm hollow PVFM could more easily satisfy the crop demand for water under-10-5kPa which was suitable for crop growth.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM) 陶瓷头 负压灌溉 累积入渗量 土壤含水率 湿润峰 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]